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HISTORY OF 
MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 




Rev. Henry L. Morehouse, D.D. 



HISTORY 

OF 

Morehouse College 



Written on the Authority of the 
Board of Trustees 



By 

Benjamin Brawley 

Dean of the College 



Published by 

MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

Atlanta, Ga. 

1917 






Copyright, 1917 

By Morehouse College 

All Rights Reserved 



FEB i 9 1517 



Ci. A 4 5711 4 



CONTENTS 

Page 

I. The Augusta Institute 9 

11. President Robert 21 

. III. Early Days of Atlanta Baptist Sem- 
inary 31 

IV. President Graves 52 

V. President Sale 62 

VI. Atlanta Baptist College 82 

VII. President Hope— Morehouse Col- 
lege 103 

VIII. Student Life 119 

IX. Northern Friends 134 

X. The Alumni and Their Work 148 



APPENDIX 

Pagre 

1. List of Sources 160 

2. Original Charter of Atlanta Baptist Sem- 

inary, 1879 161 

3. By-Laws Adopted by Board of Trustees, 

1879 165 

4. Amended Charter of 1897 166 

5. By-Laws Adopted by Board of Trustees, 

1898 171 

6. Amended Charter of 1913 175 

7. List of Students from 1871 to 1883 179 

8. List of Graduates before 1884 194 

9. List of Graduates 1884 to 1916 196 



List of Illustrations 

1. Rev. Henry L. Morehouse, D.D. 

(Frontispiece). 

2. Rev. William J. White, D.D. 

3. Springfield Baptist Church, Au- 

gusta, Ga. (Old Building). 

4. President Robert. 

5. Atlanta Baptist Seminary (First 

Building). 

6. Rev. Frank Quarles. 

7. President Graves. 

8. Graves Hall. 

9. President Sale. 

10. Prof. William E. Holmes, A.M. 

IL Miss Carrie E. Bemus. 

12. President Hope. 

13. Sale Hall. 



I. 

The Augusta Institute 



m 



'OREHOUSE COLLEGE, in the city 
of Atlanta, Georgia, is an institution 
operated by the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society, of New York, for the 
education of Negro men and boys. It was or- 
ganized in the year 1867, in the city of Au- 
gusta, Georgia, under the name of "The Au- 
gusta Institute." In 1879, under the presi- 
dency of Rev. Joseph Thomas Robert, LL.D. 
(1871-1884), it was removed to Atlanta and 
incorporated as ^'Atlanta Baptist Seminary." 
After the death of Dr. Robert and a term 
(1884-5), in which Prof. David Foster Estes, 
A.M., served as acting president. Dr. Samuel 
Graves succeeded to the presidency in 1885, 
serving until 1890, and continuing as Profes- 
sor of Theology until 1894. In 1889, as the 
surroundings of the old location in Atlanta 
had become unfavorable, a new site was se- 



lO HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

cured, and in the spring of 1890 the school 
was removed to its present location. In the 
autumn of this year President George Sale 
(1890- 1 906), entered upon his duties. In 
1897 amendments to the charter were secured, 
granting full college powers, and changing the 
name of the institution to ''Atlanta Baptist 
College." In 1906 President Sale resigned to 
become Superintendent of Education of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society, and 
he was succeeded by President John Hope, who 
had been a member of the faculty since 1898. 
By a vote of 19 12 of the Board of Trustees, 
concurred in by the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society, and by a change in 19 13 of 
the charter granted by the State of Georgia, 
the name of the institution became ''Morehouse 
College," in honor of Rev. Henry Lyman 
Morehouse, D.D., Corresponding Secretary of 
the American Baptist Home Mission Society, 
and the constant friend and benefactor of the 
Negro race. 

The very beginnings of the institution take 
one back to the unorganized conditions in edu- 
cation in the South immediately after the Civil 
War, and the effort of Northern missionary 



THE AUGUSTA INSTITUTE 1 1 

activities for the relief of the same. One of 
the first Baptist institutions established for the 
education of the freedom was the National 
Theological Institute, of Washington, D. C, 
in whose founding Rev. Edmund Turney, one 
of the Northern pioneers for freedom, was very 
prominent. This institution was organized in 
December, 1864, actually began work early in 
1865, was chartered May 10, 1866, and had 
its charter so amended March 2, 1867, ^^ to 
make the formal name "The National Theo- 
logical Institute and University." It was in- 
tended to be national in its scope. Especially 
did the charter provide for branch schools to 
be established at important points in the South 
for the training of ministers, and also for the 
holding of special institutes with similar pur- 
pose from time to time. At the annual meet- 
ing of the denomination in 1867 it was decided 
that the work of the National Theological In- 
stitute should be merged with that of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society. 
Formal action was taken at Boston May 19, 
1869. On May 26, 1870, for the avoidance 
of obvious duplication of effort, the American 
Baptist Home Mission Society, at the annual 



12 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

meeting in Philadelphia, resolved to petition 
Congress to declare null and void the charter 
of the National Theological Institute and Uni- 
versity, the Society having in the meantime 
adopted as its own the schools and teachers of 
the Institute. 

In attendance for a while at the National 
Theological Institute in Washington was Rich- 
ard C. Coulter, of Augusta, Ga., then a young 
man about thirty years of age. Coulter had 
been taken to Virginia as a valet by his owner, 
who had joined the Confederate army. It was 
not long before he made up his mind in Vir- 
ginia to make his way to freedom, and he did 
not stop until he reached Washington, to which 
place he traveled on foot. He found work in 
Washington, and, being desirous of an educa- 
tion, attended school at night. It was still the 
earlier period of the Civil War, however, and 
he heard so much about the coming of the 
Confederates against Washington that he be- 
came uneasy and decided to get farther away. 
He went to Philadelphia and gave himself to 
work and study. After the Emancipation 
Proclamation was issued, Coulter desired to 
return to his old home, Augusta. Coming 




Rev. William J. White 



THE AUGUSTA INSTITUTE 1 3 

back to Washington he tarried to earn money 
for further travel. It was at this time that he 
attended the National Theological Institute. 
He finally got back to Augusta in the fall of 
1866. He brought with him a letter from Dr. 
Turney authorizing him to organize a school 
in Augusta or at any other point in the South 
that seemed advisable. Realizing his inability 
properly to do this, he called upon William 
Jefferson White, then employed as an under- 
taker by the large furniture house of Piatt 
Bros., with the intention of turning the letter 
over to him. Mr. White accepted the mission 
and thus linked his name inseparably with the 
founding of what is now Morehouse College. 
Intensely interested in anything that made for 
the moral and intellectual welfare of his people, 
he at once wrote to Dr. Turney, informing him 
that the letter given to Coulter had been turned 
over to him, suggesting that he would be glad 
to have in Augusta a branch of the Washington 
institution, and saying that he would be glad to 
render any assistance in his power to this end. 
This opened correspondence and in a short 
while it was agreed that if Mr. White would 
secure a sufficient number of students a teacher 



14 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

would be sent to the school. Mr. White took 
up the matter with Rev. Henry Watts, the pas- 
tor, and with the deacons of Springfield Baptist 
Church, of which he was at that time a mem- 
ber. They entered heartily into the undertak- 
ing and names began to be enrolled, especially 
of those looking forward to the ministry. Sev- 
eral meetings were held at the home of Deacon 
Jonas Singleton, and of these Mr. White was 
chairman and Deacon Jesse H. Jones secretary. 
No woman was enrolled at this time. By Feb- 
ruary 14, 1867, thirty-seven names had been 
secured, and on that date Mr. White organized 
the school and sent the enrollment to Washing- 
ton, requesting that a teacher be sent as prom- 
ised. A reply from Dr. Turney a week later 
informed him that it was not practicable to send 
a teacher at once, and enclosed a commission 
appointing Mr. White himself to teach the 
school, naming a salary. This offer Mr. White 
did not feel that he could accept. He was 
agreeably employed by Piatt Bros. ; moreover, 
he had not been seeking work for himself, but 
had merely been laboring to get a school for 
his people. However, he had gone too far to 
permit the movement to be a failure. About 




Springfield Baptist Church, Augusta, Ga, 

(Old Building) 



THE AUGUSTA INSTITUTE 1 5 

this time he received notice from Gen. O. O. 
Howard, Commissioner of the Bureau of Refu- 
gee Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, Wash- 
ington, D. C, informing him that he had been 
appointed an agent of that Bureau, and assign- 
ing to him the duty of traveling over Georgia, 
with the supervision of the work among the 
Negro people. The students who had been 
enrolled were eager to begin work, however, 
and he was in a dilemma. Thinking the matter 
over he remembered that Capt. Charles H. 
Prince, who w^as at the time in general charge 
of the schools in Augusta supported by the 
American Missionary Association, was a Bap- 
tist, and that some of his teachers were Bap- 
tists. Capt. Prince readily agreed to lend all 
the aid he could, and while the school could 
have no technical connection with the A. M. A. 
schools, Miss Sherman, a Baptist lady from 
Spurgeon's church in London; Miss Welch, 
whose home was in the West, and Miss Burt, 
of Binghamton, Mass., a Congregationalist, 
agreed with pleasure to teach the school. Per- 
mission was given by Springfield Baptist 
Church that the school be taught in its edifice ; 
the classes were held at night: and Mr. White 



1 6 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

was delighted to see the work thus begun be- 
fore he left for his new field of service. 

It was in the latter part of February, not 
later than the 25th, in 1867, that the school 
thus went into active operation. The attend- 
ance at the opening was about 40. Some few 
enrolled did not enter, and some others not at 
first enrolled began work at the opening. It 
was in May of this year, it will be remembered, 
that the work of the National Theological In- 
stitute was formally transferred to the Ameri- 
can Baptist Home Mission Society. The new 
school in Augusta was included in the trans- 
fer, and Dr. J. W. Parker was sent by the 
Society to study the condition of the school. 
He found the institution in full operation as a 
night school, made a flattering report, and 
took steps before leaving to secure ground for 
the school's permanent location. The city coun- 
cil was petitioned for two lots and the request 
was granted at once. Two lots at the corner 
of Center and Taylor streets were given for 
the purpose. These, however, were never used 
and, of course, in time reverted to the city. 

While in the original enrollment taken by 
Mr. White the names of only men were writ- 



THE AUGUSTA INSTITUTE 1 7 

ten, in the earliest days women also seem to 
have been more or less regularly in attendance. 
It was recorded by the first regular president 
that Dr. Parker "had two assistants to teach 
the females." In July Dr. Parker became sick 
and returned to the North, leaving Mr. J. Ma- 
son Rice in charge with a diminished attend- 
ance, caused by various conflicting circum- 
stances. In the early winter he came back and 
gave instruction for a few weeks. In Novem- 
ber of this year (1867), Rev. Charles H. Corey 
and his wife began their labors, retaining the 
services of Mr. Rice. Mr. Corey, at the time 
of his appointment to the Augusta Institute, 
was doing missionary work in South Carolina 
for the American Baptist Home Mission So- 
ciety. He is best remembered for his long term 
of service at the Richmond Theological Semi- 
nary. "The times," he recorded in later years, 
"politically were unsettled. Prejudices were 
strong, and with but few facilities, not Ytry 
much was accomplished. I had some warnings 
from the Ku-Klux Klan, and on a few occa- 
sions the city authorities, unsolicited by me, 
sent some policemen to protect our evening 
school," "A few," he said further, "came to me 



l8 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

for instruction by day, and a large class at 
night. Sermons were preached and some 
churches were organized. I left Augusta on 
the 13th of July, 1868, and was subsequently 
transferred to another field, Richmond, Va." 
Mr. Corey, in his first quarterly report, Feb- 
ruary I, 1868, gave 38 pupils as in attendance 
— 17 in the theological class, 15 in the young- 
men's, and 6 in Mrs. Corey's. In his second 
report, April 18, 1868, 60 were in attendance, 
the figure for theological students remaining 
17. The school was still held in the Spring- 
field Baptist Church, and the branches taught 
were as diversified as the needs of those who 
attended. Often Mr. Corey did not return to 
his lodgings until nearly midnight. 

Rev. Lucian C. Hayden, D.D., and his wife 
came early in the following winter. Harmony 
Baptist Church, of which Rev. W. J. White 
was pastor, now gave the use of its building. 
The school was greatly increased, and Mr. 
White assisted in the work of the term by 
teaching one of the night classes. Just at this 
time, however, the United States through the 
Freedmen's Bureau was establishing free 
schools in many places for the education of the 



THE AUGUSTA INSTITUTE I9 

Negro people. Dr. Hayden was induced, in 
January, 1869, to take charge of one of the 
public schools. The purely educational work 
of the Institute was thus blended with that of 
this agency, and the theological work was sus- 
pended for the year, except for an occasional 
lecture in the da)rtime. The failing health of 
Mrs. Hayden unfortunately compelled Dr. Hay- 
den to give up the work after one short term 
of service ; and the school now witnessed a brief 
period of suspension. 

On November 15, 1869, under appointment 
of the American Baptist Home Mission So- 
ciety, Rev. W. D. Siegfried and his wife ar- 
rived to take up the work. The common school 
system was now offering free instruction to 
all students under eighteen years of age. After 
consultation with friends Mr. Siegfried rented 
a room and opened a school that had as its dis- 
tinctive feature the training of preachers and 
teachers. It was soon found expedient, how- 
ever, and indeed necessary for the regaining of 
confidence and the reviving of interest in the 
work, that there should be some permanent lo- 
cation for the school. Accordingly on April 
21, 1870, an eligible lot, 180x180 feet, on 



20 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

Telfair Street, in the heart of the city, was pur- 
chased at a cash cost of $5,700. There were 
buildings on the lot, but those were very old 
and poorly adapted to the work in hand. The 
purchase, however, gave promise of perma- 
nence for the work of the Society, and it im- 
mediately revived interest in the enterprise. 
Mr. Siegfried occupied the premises and opened 
the school with a greatly increased attendance. 
The times, however, were critical, and fre- 
quently dangerous for white people engaged 
in teaching Negroes. In the summer Mr. Sieg- 
fried went North to raise funds to reimburse 
the Society for the amount expended in the 
purchase of the property. He returned in the 
autumn to resume his work, and prosecuted it 
for a few months, when serious difficulties 
arose amid great political excitement, the white 
citizens of Augusta taking offense at an arti- 
cle Mr. Siegfried had written to a Northern 
paper telling of the mistreatment of the Negro 
people of the city. He was forced to leave, 
and for a second time the work of the Institute 
was suspended. 



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President Joseph 1'. Robert 



PRESIDENT ROBERT 21 



II. 

President Robert 

IN the three years since its founding the 
Institute had seen a very precarious 
existence, and the outlook in 1870 was 
far from promising. Even in the dark days, 
however, the school was not wholly without 
friends. Especially did Rev. James Dixon, 
pastor of the First Baptist Church of Augusta, 
labor to see what could be done. He was 
acquainted with Dr. Joseph T. Robert, a South- 
ern man who had left the South before the 
Civil War because he did not wish to rear his 
children where slavery existed; and he and 
Rev. W. J. White joined in the request that 
the American Baptist Home Mission Society 
secure the services of Dr. Robert, if this was 
possible. This plan, fostered by Dr. Dixon and 
a few other members of the white Baptist con- 
vention of the state, was endorsed by the Negro 
organization, the Missionar}^ Baptist Conven- 



22 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

tion of Georgia; Dr. Robert was secured, and 
the institution entered upon its first period of 
consecutive direction. 

Joseph Thomas Robert was born at Robert- 
ville, S. C, November 28, 1807, of Huguenot 
descent. Baptized in October, 1822, in 1825 
he entered Columbian College in Washington. 
He soon left this institution, however, to enter 
Brown University, where he was graduated 
with first honors in 1828. He was a resident 
graduate and medical student at Yale Univer- 
sity in 1829 and 1830. Returning to his native 
state he was graduated at the South Carolina 
Medical College in 1831. Licensed to preach 
in 1832 by the Robertville church, he went to 
Furman Theological Seminary, where he re- 
mained two years. He was ordained pastor 
of the church at Robertville in 1834, but in 
1839 removed to Kentucky to become pastor 
of the Baptist church at Covington. In 1841 
he took charge of the Baptist church at Leba- 
non. In 1848 he returned to the South to be- 
come pastor of the First Baptist Church in 
Savannah, Ga. ; but in 1850 he was called to 
Portsmouth, Ohio, w^here he remained until he 
became Professor of Mathematics and Natural 



PRESIDENT ROBERT 23 

Science in Burlington University, Iowa. In 
1864 he went to Iowa State University as Pro- 
fessor of Languages; but in 1869 ^^^ accepted 
the presidency of Burlington. His connection 
with the Augusta Institute began August i, 
1871. He continued in service even after the 
removal of the institution to Atlanta in 1879 
until his death, March 5, 1884. 

It was no easy task that President Robert 
assumed when he began his work as head of 
the Augusta Institute. The whole enterprise 
was looked upon with extreme disfavor by 
most of the white people in the community. 
By many, indeed, actual odium was associated 
with its assumed management. The buildings 
were dilapidated and in need of repairs every- 
where. There was not in them an article of 
furniture of any kind belonging to the Insti- 
tute. A few nails in the walls and a few books 
on a bench constituted the entire equipment. 

Funds were needed of course to supply the 
deficiencies. None, however, were forthcom- 
ing. President Robert was officially informed 
that Georgia and New Hampshire were the 
two states assigned to the Augusta Institute 
for correspondence, and he was instructed to 



24 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

glean from them the means to repair buildings, 
obtain all needed furniture, and meet all cur- 
rent expenses. The Georgia brethren at once 
demurred, and insisted that he look to the 
North for the money. Accordingly he sent 
one hundred letters to New Hampshire. To 
only one did there come a reply, and that one 
did not contain money enough to pay for the 
postage expended. President Robert then 
made a frank statement of the case to the 
Negro Baptist churches of the city. They came 
to his assistance, a few white brethren also 
aided him, and thus he was enabled to reshin- 
gle the houses. Subsequent appeals from year 
to year and annual contributions from friends 
gradually provided funds to make other repairs, 
purchase schoolroom and bedroom furniture, 
and meet the ever-recurring expenses of the 
Institute. The most generous contributors in 
this period were the Shiloh Baptist Missionary 
Association and the Harmony Baptist Church, 
whose pastor, Rev. William J. White, was 
spoken of by President Robert as his "con- 
stant counselor and friend." 

For four years President Robert conducted 
the school without an assistant and with an 



PRESIDENT ROBERT 25 

annual average of 52 pupils in attendance. Be- 
sides collecting funds he heard recitations for 
five hours a day and delivered two lectures a 
week on Biblical and Scientific subjects. In 
the sixth year Mr. Tudor Sterling Gardner, 
A.B., (Madison, now Colgate, University), of 
the Richmond Institute, Richmond, Va., was 
appointed as a teacher. He was admirably 
adapted to the work and began excellent serv- 
ice; but in less than a year sickness compelled 
him to suspend his labors, and after a pro- 
tracted illness he died, December 8, 1877. Dur- 
ing his illness two of the best students, William 
E. Holmes and Collins H. Lyons, though recit- 
ing daily to President Robert, valiantly as- 
sisted in the work with the lower pupils. Mr. 
Holmes really began his teaching in the year 
1874-5, when on entering the institution with 
good preparation he at once became a tutor. 
In the year 1881 he received formal appoint- 
ment as a professor, and he continued in serv- 
ice through the year 1898-9. He thus served 
the institution for more than twenty years, so 
that up to the present time he still holds the 
record for length of service of all those who 
have labored in the college. 



26 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

After the death of Professor Gardner, Rev. 
David Shaver, D.D., was associated with Presi- 
dent Robert as chief assistant, from the begin- 
ning of the school year 1878-9 to the close of 
1 880- 1. As he was a man possessed of large 
general information as well as one deeply 
learned in theology and philosophy, President 
Robert found in him a co-laborer admirably 
adapted to the work he loved so well. 

In March, 1874, and January, 1876, Rev. 
Marsena Stone, D.D., at one time a professor 
in Denison University, visited the Institute and 
on each occasion spent ten or twelve days in 
lecturing on scriptural subjects. His services 
were very acceptable to the students. During 
the year 1877-8, Major H. M. Robert, of the 
U. S. Engineer Corps, presented one thousand 
copies of his Parliamentary Guide to be at the 
disposal of the President for the benefit of the 
Institute. This little book did a great deal for 
the quickening of the forensic ability of the 
students, who even so early began to make a 
reputation as able speakers. In the same year 
Rev. M. P. Jewett, of Milwaukee, Wis., do- 
nated a valuable collection of books to the 
library, which then contained 503 volumes. 



PRESIDENT ROBERT 2/ 

Gifts of $50 each from Mrs. Julia S. Barney 
and Mrs. Sara Thresher, of Dayton, Ohio, and 
$100 from Mr. Brainard Thresher, of Dayton, 
and $100 from Mr. Christopher West, of Bal- 
timore, Md., gladdened the heart of President 
Robert, as these were the largest contributions 
that had been received from individuals in the 
ten years of the existence of the Institute. 

Slowly but steadily the school made progress. 
It aimed unwaveringly at the education of 
preachers, and such teachers as could well be 
classed with them. After President Robert 
took charge no women or girls attended the 
school, and, until the removal from Augusta, 
no boys under sixteen years of age. Within 
the seven years from 1871 to 1878 245 men 
were enrolled as pupils, 150 of these being 
ministerial students. Before 1871 only resi- 
dents of Augusta attended the school. In this 
year 7 students came from other places. In 
1874 31 out of 56 were from other places, and 
in 1877 64 out of 92. The number could easily 
have been greater, but the school was forced to 
refuse numerous applications, as it was crowded 
to its utmost capacity. 



28 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

The range of studies at this time was neces- 
sarily a wide one. The primary branches were 
taught, as some of the ministers when they first 
came could hardly read intelligently even the 
simplest sentences. For the more advanced, 
however, there were classes in algebra, geome- 
try, physiology, botany, natural philosophy, 
rhetoric, Latin, and New Testament Greek. 
Exercises in declamation and composition were 
required once a week. Prior to 1884, however, 
no students were regularly graduated, though 
several completed the course of study. 

In 1877-8 three of the students were young 
men preparing for mission work in Africa. 
They were supported by the New York State 
Colonization Society. There were also eighteen 
students who received from beneficiary funds 
an average allowance of $5 per month for their 
subsistence. It is to be remembered, of course, 
that the cost of living, w^hether in Augusta or 
Atlanta, was a great deal less then than now. 
In the catalogue of 1 880-1, for instance, under 
the head ''Expenses" we read: *'A11 students 
pay for tuition one dollar per month in ad- 
vance. Board can be obtained in the city at 
from five to six dollars per month, with one 
dollar additional for washing." 



PRESIDENT ROBERT 29 

The students took an active part in the work 
of the Sunday Schools of the city and sur- 
rounding country. The preachers were much 
sought for the pulpits of the city churches, and 
were often tempted to do more of this work 
than President Robert deemed advisable; but 
how could it have been otherwise with such 
men as H. N. Bouey, William E. Holmes, H. 
L. Holsey, E. K, Love, C. H. Lyons, and C. 
T. Walker in the number? Every Monday 
evening the students held a meeting for the 
hearing of reports respecting missionary work 
which they had undertaken in the immediate 
vicinity; and every other Wednesday evening 
they gave to their Literary Society. Here they 
improved themselves in extemporaneous speak- 
ing and acquired a practical acquaintance with 
the methods of procedure in deliberative as- 
semblies. 

More and more the school advanced in the 
estimation of the people not only of Augusta 
but of the entire state. Two of the early stu- 
dents, H. M. Wood and H. N. Bouey, became 
missionaries to Africa. The white Georgia 
Baptist Mission Board, working conjointly 
with the American Baptist Home Mission So- 



30 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

ciety, employed as home missionaries two of 
the students, Emanuel K. Love and Gibb B. 
Mitchell. To the mind of President Robert 
two deeply significant facts were shown by this 
movement; first, that the North and the South 
were willing to co-operate in the work of giv- 
ing the gospel to the Negro ; and, second, that 
Negro ministers taught in the Divine Word 
would find enthusiastic welcome in the pulpits 
and the hearts and the homes of their own 
people. Finally he felt that a gain had been 
made in the higher valuation placed by the stu- 
dents themselves on the opportunities afforded 
them. At first they came generally to remain 
but a short time. A few weeks, or at most a 
few months, were deemed sufficient for the 
obtaining of any education they would need in 
life. Gradually, however, the President per- 
ceived that the students came with larger pur- 
poses, aspiring also to have accomplished in 
them what they had seen wrought in others 
by faithful study. More and more he thanked 
God, and took courage. 




Atlanta Baptist Seminary 

(First Picture of Same) 



EARLY DAYS 3I 



III. 

Early Days of Atlanta Baptist 
Seminary 

IN the later years of the Augusta Insti- 
tute there developed more and more a 
sentiment for the removal of the insti- 
tution to Atlanta, the advantages of the more 
nearly central location of the capital being evi- 
dent. The leading spirit in this movement was 
Rev. Frank Quarles, after whom Quarles Hall 
on the college campus is named, at the time the 
venerable pastor of Friendship Baptist Church 
in Atlanta, and the president of the Mission- 
ary Baptist Convention of Georgia from its 
organization in 1870 until his death in 1881. 
As early as 1871 the Convention had passed 
the following addition to its constitution : *'It 
shall be the object of this Convention to estab- 
lish a Theological Institute for the purpose of 
educating young men who have the ministry 
in view and those who are preaching the gospel, 



32 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

or any of our brethren's sons that sustain a 
good moral character ; and that we go to work 
immediately and procure some central place in 
Georgia for the establishment of the same, and 
do most earnestly request all associations be- 
longing to this convention to go to work and 
raise the money at once to put the school in 
operation." By May, 1878, we are informed 
that "land for school site was purchased this 
year at a cost of $600." In 1879 the school 
was removed to Atlanta and became incor- 
porated as Atlanta Baptist Seminary, classes 
being held for the first few weeks of the year 
1879-80 in the basement of Friendship Baptist 
Church. The petition for the charter of that 
year (the full text of which is given in the 
Appendix), states that the petitioners had in 
hand, in property and money, the sum of more 
than $6,000 with which to begin operations as 
soon as their petition was granted. A lot of 
four acres was purchased from Richard Peters 
for $2,500, and a brick building costing $7,500 
was erected at the junction of Elliott and West 
Hunter Streets, very near what is now the At- 
lanta Terminal Station. The property held in 
Augusta had been sold for $5,000, and special 



EARLY DAYS 33 

funds were in hand or were pledged to the 
amount of $2,000. The total expense of land 
and building was not wholly cleared, however, 
as will be seen from a later report of President 
Robert. At this time the Missionary Baptist 
Convention of Georgia was officially recognized 
as co-operating with the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society in the maintenance of 
the institution, and the Baptist Home Mission 
Monthly says, under date September, 1879: 
"It was in contemplation to erect the build- 
ing at the margin of the city, on grounds bought 
for school purposes, by our colored brethren of 
Georgia; but it was concluded by them, and 
by white friends who were their advisers, that 
a more central position was desirable ; and they 
proposed, therefore, to sell their land and con- 
tribute the avails for the purchase of the better 
site which this building is to occupy. Such 
sale it is supposed will be effected, and such 
contribution be made. A corporation has been 
formed, composed chiefly of members of the 
Executive Board, but in part, likewise, of white 
and colored brethren residing in Georgia. To 
this corporation, according to the established 
policy of the Society, this property will be made 



34 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

over, on the completion of the building, on 
proper conditions." 

The building, designed by W. S. Purdy, of 
New York, was of brick, 45 by 60 feet, and of 
two full stories in height. The first story con- 
tained a schoolroom, which occupied one-half 
of the floor space. A second room, half the 
size of this, could by the aid of sliding doors 
be used in connection with it, so that for chapel 
purposes, between 200 and 250 students could 
be accommodated. The first floor contained 
also a library room, an office for the president, 
and hat and coat rooms. The second story con- 
tained five classrooms, besides a room for a 
tutor. 

Noteworthy were the opening exercises of 
December 18, 1879. By ten o'clock the larg- 
est room in the building was crowded, and the 
exercises lasted until one. Among those who 
attended and made remarks appropriate to the 
occasion were Governor A. H. Colquitt, School 
Commissioner G. S. Orr, Professor Slaton, the 
superintendent of the public schools of the 
city. Rev. Frank Quarles, the representative of 
the Missionary Baptist Convention of Georgia, 
Rev. J. H. De Votie, representing the State 




Rev. Frank Ouarles 



EARLY DAYS 35 

Mission Board, Mr. Sidney Root, the official 
representative of the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society, and President Robert of the 
Seminary. The exercises received cordial re- 
ports in the daily papers of the city, and the 
only thing to mar the enthusiasm was the fact 
that the furniture for the building was not in 
place, though this was expected to arrive with- 
in a few days. At the time of the dedication 
the enrollment of students was about 30; but 
by the first of January the figure was 75, and 
by the end of the year the figure was over 100. 
Removal had taken place and a new build- 
ing had been erected ; but for all ordinary pur- 
poses of operation the period upon which we 
now enter was one of the very hardest in the 
whole history of the college. The site chosen 
had been supposed to be favorable; but not 
sufficient calculation had been given to the 
rapid material growth of Atlanta at the time, 
and a place less desirable for a school could 
hardly have been selected. Directly in front 
of the building was the shifting-yard of the 
Southern Railroad; on one side was a large 
lumber mill ; and generally the locality was one 
of the noisiest and smokiest in the citv. The 



36 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

building moreover made no provision for dor- 
mitories. The students, even with the institu- 
tion assisting, were forced to find boarding- 
places where they could, and, besides living in 
close and crowded houses, where the atmos- 
phere was invariably far from intellectual and 
where sometimes they had to prepare their 
own meals, they were, except for the few hours 
of school each day, beyond the care of their 
teachers and generally exposed to the distrac- 
tions and temptations of a rapidly growing city. 
For the instructors as well as the students the 
conditions were hard. Generally they had to 
struggle to make themselves heard above the 
roar of shifting engines, as well as have some 
concern for the numerous minor problems that 
arose every day in the life of the students. In 
his report of August, 1880, President Robert 
still spoke of the need of funds; first, for the 
aid of worthy students ; second, for the procur- 
ing of school furniture for the recitation rooms 
still completely unfurnished; and third, for the 
refunding of $4,000 which was advanced in 
the erection of the building with the expecta- 
tion of its being repaid from collections for 
that object. The best commentary on the 



EARLY DAYS 37 

period is perhaps to be found in the numerous 
changes in the small faculty of the Seminary. 
In the years between 1880 and 1885 Rev. 
David Shaver, who had served valiantly in the 
period of removal, gave up the work after his 
second year of service in Atlanta; Prof. Wil- 
liam R. Raymond, A.M., served for three years 
(1880-3); Prof. Ernest W. Clement, A.B., 
now a distinguished missionary in Japan, for 
one year ( 188 1-2) ; Rev. Hiram L. Gear, A.M., 
for one year (1882-3) ; Prof. T. Vassar Caul- 
kins, A.B., for one year (1883-4) ; Prof. John 
C. Newman, A.B., for one year (1884-5) ; and 
Prof. William C. Burnham, A.M., for one year 
(1884-5). In all this era of shifting status, 
however, two names constantly recur, those of 
President Robert and his faithful helper, Prof. 
William E. Holmes. It is not too much to say 
that the real permanence of the school was 
guaranteed by the hard work from day to day 
of these two loyal teachers. To Mr. Holmes 
the students constantly turned for advice about 
their papers, speeches, and numerous personal 
problems ; and he soon had a very warm place 
in their hearts. President Robert died March 
5, 1884. Said the Trustees in their formal reso- 



38 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

lutions with reference to this event: "When 
the subject of assuming the delicate and re- 
sponsible position of the presidency of what is 
now known as the Atlanta Baptist Seminary 
was presented to him, it was considered in the 
light of a duty, and in accepting it he brought 
into his work, with the experience and culture 
of a lifetime, all the enthusiasm of an ardent 
nature sanctified by divine grace. To the wis- 
dom, tact, and energy displayed by him in the 
management of the Seminary is due, under 
the favor of God, the prosperous condition 
in which he left it and the present hopeful out- 
look for its future usefulness." 

Working with President Robert for the first 
time in 1883-4 was Prof. David Foster Estes, 
A.M., now a professor in Colgate University. 
Prof. Estes was appointed Acting President on 
the death of President Robert, and served in 
this capacity throughout the year 1884-5. He 
remained for the first year (1885-6), of the 
administration of President Graves, and thus 
helped the institution through a very unsettled 
and critical period. 

With the removal to Atlanta need of some 
more formal organization of the Board of Trus- 



EARLY DAYS 39 

tees seems to have been felt. From the begin- 
ning, because of the ultimate responsibility of 
the American Baptist Home Mission Society 
for all acts affecting the larger policy and des- 
tiny of the college, the Trustees have not had 
the full burden that would be theirs in the con- 
duct of an institution not thus operated by a 
missionary organization, and regularly the Cor- 
responding Secretary of the Society has been 
a member of the Board. In an advisory ca- 
pacity, however, and on the initiative of indi- 
vidual members, the Trustees have performed 
a very important function ; and they give formal 
sanction to the conferring of all degrees. In 
the early years in Atlanta, moreover, some 
members greatly assisted President Robert in 
some of the most troublesome problems affect- 
ing the welfare of the students; thus, when 
there was no provision for dormitories Mr. 
Quarles helped materially in finding boarding 
places for the young men. The plan from the 
first was to have twelve Trustees, and the 
Board was formally organized in New York, 
at the rooms of the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society, in the Astor House, July i8, 
1879, the first officers being Joseph B. Hoyt, 



40 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

President; Henry L. Morehouse, Secretary, and 
Joseph Brokaw, Treasurer. The Trustees at 
this meeting passed important By-laws for the 
government of their procedure; they also 
''voted to approve the action of the American 
Baptist Home Mission Society in the appoint- 
ment of Rev. D. Shaver, D.D., as assistant 
teacher in the Atlanta Baptist Seminary," and 
"voted that Brother W. E. Holmes be appoint- 
ed assistant teacher in the Atlanta School for 
eight months, subject to ratification of the 
Board of the American Baptist Home Mission 
Society." Seven of the twelve Trustees were 
to live in or near New York, and five in 
Georgia. The so-called Local Board of Trus- 
tees consisted of J. H. Low, Esq., Chairman; 
Sidney Root, Esq., Secretary; Rev. J. H. De- 
Votie, D.D., Rev. W. J. White, and Rev. Frank 
Quarles. This Local Board served without 
change until 1881, when it was broken by the 
death of Mr. Quarles. In 1882-3 the name of 
Mr. Low as well as that of Mr. Quarles is miss- 
ing. In 1883-4, however, while Mr. Root, Dr. 
De Votie, and Mr. White remained as the Local 
Committee, the catalogue for the first time at- 
tempted to give the full list of the Trustees. 



EARLY DAYS 4 1 

Ten names appear, with the statement that two 
vacancies are to be filled. The ten are: J. B. 
Hoyt, Connecticut ; Rev. J. H. De Votie, D.D., 
Georgia; S. S. Constant, New York; Rev. E. 
Lathrop, D.D., Connecticut; W. A. Cauldwell, 
New York; Rev. W. J. White, Georgia; Jo- 
seph Brokaw, New York; Sidney Root, Esq., 
Georgia; I. G. Johnson, New York; Rev. H. 
L. Morehouse, D.D., New York. In 1884-5 the 
name of Mr. Constant is missing, and those of 
Rev. J. S. Lawton, M.D., Georgia, and Rev. 
William H. Tilman, Georgia, appear for the 
first time. The Board as thus constituted had 
a really remarkable tenure of office, serving 
without a break of any kind until 1888-9, when 
Mr. Hoyt died. 

The course of study in the '8o's seems to have 
been a constant problem. High-minded teach- 
ers with a fine classical tradition behind them 
found coming to them for instruction grown 
men who were still not firmly grounded in the 
simplest fundamentals along with a few bright 
boys who were eager for the acquiring of the 
highest possible culture. As so frequently hap- 
pens in the case of young institutions accord- 
ingly, the ambitious statements of the catalogue 



42 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

rather represent what was desired than what 
was actually achieved. Until 1883-4 there was 
no attempt in the catalogue to separate the stu- 
dents into their different classes. Names were 
all placed in one long alphabetical list, though 
those of students looking forward to the min- 
istry were marked with an asterisk. The cata- 
logue of 1 880- 1 outlined a so-called Normal 
Course, which was in reality nothing more than 
three years of grammar school work, an Acad- 
emic Course, which has interesting resem- 
blances to a high school course of to-day, and 
a Theological Course of two years. These re- 
mained substantially unchanged in 188 1-2. In 
1882-3 the Theological Course had vanished, 
the Normal Course had been advanced so that 
it included two years of grammar school work 
and a scant two years of high school work; 
and it was succeeded by the statement of an 
ambitious Collegiate Department, comprising 
a Scientific Course of four years and a Classi- 
cal Course of six years. While this Classical 
Course scheduled Introductory Latin in its first 
year, it gave altogether four years of Latin, 
three of Greek, as well as courses in Chemistry, 
Geology, Zoology, Logic, Trigonometry, As- 



EARLY DAYS 43 

tronomy, and Political Economy, so that any 
student who went through it might have had a 
fair amount of college work according to the 
older ideals of such a course. Not a single stu- 
dent completed the so-called Classical Course 
before 1892, however; and that the whole plan 
of strictly college work was at the time prema- 
ture was shown the next year (1883-4), when 
the Classical Course became four years in 
length in harmony with the Scientific Course, 
when the first three years of the Normal Course 
were stated as pre-requisite to the Scientific 
Course, when the two years lost to the Classical 
Course were forced down as a requirement ad- 
ditional to the three years of the Normal Course 
for those who wished to enter upon it, and 
when the great majority of students were still 
to be found in the Normal Course. One stu- 
dent, Nash B. Williamson, of Athens, was cata- 
logued as in the Scientific Course. In 1884-5 
the general status was as in the previous year. 
Jefferson D. Walker, of Warrenton, was cata- 
logued as in the Classical Course, and Martin 
V. Russell, of Augusta, as in the Scientific 
Course ; but the general service of the Seminary 
was to be seen in the rapidly increasing general 



44 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

enrollment. The total figure for the year was 
154, of whom 36 were in the Theological De- 
partment. The first year of the Normal Course 
enrolled 41. In 1885-6, the general status being 
the same as in the last two years, Mr. Russell 
appeared as the lone collegiate student, and the 
first year of the Normal Course numbered 53. 
In 1886-7 the general status was as before, but 
no collegiate students were enrolled; and this 
was the case the next year. 

All that has been said must bear the deduc- 
tion that comes from the irregular carrying out 
of a catalogue requirement and the incidents 
of the late entrance of students or their leav- 
ing before the end of the school year. As a 
matter of fact, whatever may have been the 
ambitions of the catalogue, the great majority 
of students enrolled in the Seminary in the 
'8o's, aside from those in the Theological De- 
partment, was to be found in the so-called 
Normal Course, and the first formal literary 
graduates, those of 1884, were from this course. 
Its outline of studies in a typical year ( 1884-5), 
was as follows : 



EARLY DAYS 45 

FIRST YEAR. 

First Term. Second Term 

Reading and Language Reading and Language 

Intermediate Arithmetic Intermediate Arithmetic 

Elementary Geography Elementary Geography 

Elementary Grammar Elementary Grammar 

Penmanship Penmanship 

SECOND YEAR. 

First Term Second Term 

Reading and Language Reading and Language 

Practical Arithmetic Practical Arithmetic 

Higher Geography Higher Geography 

Advanced Grammar Advanced Grammar 

THIRD YEAR. 

First Term. Second Term 

History of the History of the 

United States United States 

Algebra Algebra 

Physiology and Hygiene Rhetoric 

English Analysis Bookkeeping 

FOURTH YEAR. 

First Term Second Term 

Natural Philosophy Civil Government 

Geometry English Literature 

Mental Science Moral Science 

Theory and Practice Theory and Practice 

of Teaching of Teaching 



The frequent changes in the faculty that em- 
barrassed the institution in the early '8o's con- 
tinued throughout the decade. Prof. Julius A. 
Hansen (Mathematics and Languages), served 
for two years (1885-7) ; Rev. James A. Mets, 



46 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

A.M. (Greek, Church History and Moral Sci- 
ence), for one year ( 1886-7) J Mr. Jefferson R. 
Thomas, B.S., assistant in Normal Depart- 
ment, for one year (1887-8); Prof. Otis A. 
Freeman, A.B. (Ancient Languages and 
Mathematics), for one year (1887-8); Rev. 
Lynn B. Albert (Homiletics, Church History, 
and Old Testament), for two years (1888- 
90) ; Mr. Peter B. Ernsberger, assistant in 
Normal Department, for one year (1888-9); 
and Mr. Byron P. Carter, assistant in Normal 
Department for one year (1889-90). Prof. 
George A. Andrews, however, served for three 
years (1887-90), as Professor of Philosophy 
and Principal of the Normal Department; and 
in his last two years he was also the treasurer 
of the institution. Mr. E. H. Kruger, organ- 
ist of the Second Baptist Church of Atlanta, 
served as instructor in Music for four years 
(1883-7). He was succeeded by Mr. George 
F. Browne, who served for ten years (1887- 

97)- 

Numerous minor problems arose in the 
routine from time to time. In general in these 
years cases of discipline or individual programs 
of study occupied too much of the time of the 



EARLY DAYS 47 

faculty as a whole. This was practically inevi- 
table with the limited teaching force. Money 
was still sometimes loaned to students under 
the direction of the faculty. In the latter part 
of the period school was dismissed each day at 
1 :30 P. M. 

Important is the connection with Spelman 
Seminary. The men in charge of Atlanta Bap- 
tist Seminary very soon became interested in a 
similar school for young women; the matter 
was constantly on the heart of Rev. Frank 
Quarles; and in their meeting of January 21, 
1 88 1, the members of the Local Board formal- 
ly recommended to the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society the founding of such a school. 
The Executive Board, assembled in New York 
under date March 10, 1881, voted as follows: 
"That the Executive Board of the American 
Baptist Home Mission Society be and are here- 
by recommended to comply with said request 
(the recommendation of the Local Committee) 
and to encourage and authorize the said Mis- 
sionary Baptist Convention of Georgia to take 
immediate steps to raise a fund of at least 
$5,000, to be devoted to the erection of a suit- 
able school building for girls on the grounds 



48 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

of the Atlanta Baptist Seminary." There were 
numerous other clauses and provisions; but 
while the Trustees were thus meeting and pass- 
ing resolutions Miss Packard and Miss Giles 
actually came to begin their work, and Spel- 
man was organized April 11, 1881, in the base- 
ment of Friendship Baptist Church. Just one 
year thereafter appeared the following note in 
the catalogue of Atlanta Baptist Seminary: 
''The Atlanta Baptist Female Seminary, con- 
ducted by Misses S. B. Packard, H. E. Giles, 
and S. H. Champney, has enrolled 173 stu- 
dents, over 15 years of age." The school for 
girls and women grew apace. One year later, 
in 1882-3, ^t had an enrollment of 303 students ; 
and in this year the catalogue of Atlanta Bap- 
tist Seminary seemed pleased to record 425 as 
the grand total for both schools. For the next 
seven years after 1883 there was no further 
mention of the Atlanta Baptist Female Semi- 
nary in the catalogue of the Atlanta Baptist 
Seminary, though the school for girls in the 
meantime changed its name. While, however, 
there was no technical connection between the 
two institutions, the operating boards were 
largely the same and the work of the two soon 



EARLY DAYS 49 

came to be regarded as complementary. Begin- 
ning with 1884, moreover, the commencements 
of the two institutions were for several years 
held jointly in Friendship Baptist Church ; let- 
ters intended for one school persistently found 
their way to the other; the young men called 
on the young women ; in course of time a Fri- 
day evening social developed at the school for 
girls, and now one has only to compare the 
lists of the graduates of the two institutions to 
see how far-reaching has been the influence of 
mutual association. 

Before 1884 the exercises at the close of the 
school year were modestly called '^Closing Ex- 
ercises," there being no formal graduates. 
From the first the assembly was held at Friend- 
ship Baptist Church. The program of May 
31, 1 88 1, contained, aside from the music and 
devotional exercises, six declamations of the 
older sort and three orations, one by Joseph 
A. Walker on ''The Progress of Light," one by 
Matthew J. Maddox on "The Power of Ora- 
tory," and one by Anthony E. Williams on 
"The Intellectual Capacity of Colored People." 
The Joint Anniversary Exercises of Atlanta 
Baptist Seminary and Spelman Baptist Semi- 



50 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

nary, May 29, 1884, deserve special mention, 
as this was the first year in which the school 
for men sent out regular graduates. The 
Normal granduates of this year were John S. 
Brandon, Charles H. Brightharp, Richard T. 
Clark, George A. Goodwin, George W. Grin- 
age, Richard Keller, John J. Mitchell, Martin 
V. Russell, Peter S. Russell, Cyrus S. Wilkins. 
The graduates from the Theological Depart- 
ment were Charles H. Brightharp, Edward R. 
Carter, George W. Grinage, Cyrus S. Wilkins. 
The program, aside from the incidental music, 
was as follows : Prayer, Rev. William H. Til- 
man ; Oration, "The Educational Work of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society," 
George A. Goodwin : Recitation, "St John the 
Aged," Eunice Coles; Oration, "Advantages 
of a Republican Form of Government," Martin 
V. Russell; Oration, "The Church Persecuted, 
Yet Triumphant," Cyrus S. Wilkins; Recita- 
tion, "The Boston Fireman," Bettie L. New- 
berry; Oration, "The Minister's Preparation 
For His Work," Edward R. Carter; Essay, 
"Progression," Amanda A. Brandon; Oration, 
with the Valedictory, "Relation of the Scholar 
to Society," John S. Brandon; Conferring of 



EARLY DAYS 5 1 

Diplomas; Address, Rev. W. J. White; Bene- 
diction. This year Spelman had no graduates. 
The next year, however, she had a class of 
thirteen from the Normal Department and six 
from the Industrial Department; and accord- 
ingly, in the exercises of that year, she used at 
the commencement exercises original essays 
rather than recitations. 



52 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 




IV. 

President Graves 

'AMUEL GRAVES was born at Ack- 
worth, N. H., March 25, 1820. Very 
early in life his thoughts turned to the 
loftiest themes, and he was received into the 
church when eleven years of age. In 1844 he 
was graduated from college at the Hamilton 
Literary and Theological Institute (later Madi- 
son, and now Colgate University), and from 
the Theological Seminary there in 1846. He 
became a tutor in the institution, but later de- 
clined a professorship, turning his face to the 
West, where for three years he was a pastor in 
Ann Arbor, Mich. In 185 1 he was called to 
the chair of Greek in Kalamazoo College, and 
for eight years in this position he did most 
fruitful service, not only imparting instruction 
in the classroom, but leaving the influence of 
his noble life upon the character of scores of 
young men. In 1859 he was called to the pas- 




President Samuel Graves 



PRESIDENT GRAVES 53 

torate of the Baptist church in Norwich, Conn., 
where he served for ten years until in 1869 ^^ 
was called to the Fountain Street Baptist 
Church of Grand Rapids, Mich., where he be- 
gan work January i, 1870. Here he spent fif- 
teen of the best years of his life, uniting two 
churches into one compact body and erecting a 
new house of worship. In 1872 he spent seven 
months in Europe and the Holy Land. In 1885 
he resigned his pastorate to enter in October 
upon his work as President of Atlanta Baptist 
Seminary. He served as President for five 
years, until 1890, and then continued in the in- 
stitution as Professor of Theology for four 
years more. In this period he prepared and 
published his "Outline Studies in Theology," 
a small volume well adapted to the needs of the 
average student for the ministry; and he had 
just completed a companion volume on 
"Homiletics" when he died in Grand Rapids, 
January 17, 1895. 

President Graves was a man of singular 
beauty and dignity of character, adding to 
sterling manliness, fervent piety, a tender sym- 
pathy for the needs of others, and a fine appre- 
ciation of the beautiful in literature and art, a 



54 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

genuine enthusiasm that was a most important 
factor in his success as head of Atlanta Baptist 
Seminary. His very first step was character- 
istic of the man. ReaHzing as soon as he en- 
tered upon his work the need of rehef from 
the cramped and unfavorable conditions under 
which the work of the institution was being car- 
ried on, he called the students together, told 
them what was in his heart, and asked their 
prayers for the effort he was about to put forth. 
It took five years of unremitting toil, with cor- 
respondence in the winter and travel in the sum- 
mer, for him to realize his hope ; but after five 
years he had the pleasure of seeing completed 
the building that now bears his name and that 
ever since its erection has been the real center 
of the life of the college. 

Whatever the catalogue had to say about 
the teaching force or the courses offered, the 
actual situation is best stated by President 
Graves in his review of his administration as 
follows : *'I found the Seminary in charge of 
Prof. D. F. Estes, assisted by Prof. W, E. 
Holmes. These were the only teachers, except 
one who gave lessons in vocal music. Five 
years covered the course of instruction; viz., 



PRESIDENT GRAVES 55 

two years in the Preparatory, two in the Nor- 
mal, and one in Theology. As soon as it could 
be done, I reorganized the Theological Depart- 
ment, extending the course to two years, mak- 
ing the entire course six years. This we con- 
tinued until the close of last year (i. e. 1888-9), 
when we made another enlargement by extend- 
ing the Normal Course to four years, and giv- 
ing somewhat more prominence to the Classi- 
cal Course, making in all eight years. Teach- 
ers have been added from time to time, and 
now [i. e., Feb. 17, 1890], there are six be- 
sides the teacher in music." 

In April, 1888, the property on which the 
new building was to be erected, comprising be- 
tween thirteen and fourteen acres, the present 
site of the institution, was purchased for $7,500. 
The site was historic, being at the time still 
marked by the earth-works of the Confederates 
who offered stubborn resistance to the Union 
forces in the memorable siege of Atlanta; and 
the significance of having such a spot devoted 
to the intellectual and moral betterment of those 
who were so largely the occasion of the Civil 
War, was fully remarked at the time. Plans 
for the building were adopted, the contract was 



56 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

let in February, 1889, work was begun in April, 
and on the 25th of May, in commencement 
week and during the annual meeting of the 
Missionary Baptist Convention of Georgia, the 
corner-stone was laid, in the presence of a 
large and intensely interested assembly of Ne- 
gro men and women from all parts of the state. 
From all accounts the day was one of the most 
thrilling in the whole history of the college. 

The order of exercises was as follows : 
Hymn, by Seminary Students; Prayer, Rev. 
W. H. Tilman; Statement, President Graves; 
Historical Sketch, Prof. W. E. Holmes; Lay- 
ing of the Corner Stone, President Graves ; Ad- 
dress, Rev. C. T. Walker; Original Hymn (by 
President Graves, to the tune of America); 
Five Minute Addresses; Doxology; Benedic- 
tion. 

Dr. Walker said in part : *' We lay the cor- 
nerstone of a building that will be dedicated to 
the improvement of humanity, the instruction 
and enlightenment of a neglected people, and 
the acquisition of the moral and intellectual 
qualities which fit men for usefulness and en- 
title them to the respect and confidence of man- 
kind * * * Let the Negro Baptists of Georgia 



PRESIDENT GRAVES 57 

go from these exercises refreshed, encouraged, 
and electrified. This monument will stand as 
a monument of the love of the American Bap- 
tist Home Mission Society. Daniel Webster 
said at the laying of the cornerstone of the 
Bunker Hill Monument: 'Let it rise till it 
meet the sun in his coming ; let the earlier light 
of the morning gild it, and parting day linger 
and play on its summit.' So may the fame of 
this institution spread all over this broad land, 
and even upon the burning sands of Africa may 
her trained sons wave the banner of the cross. 
Let its fame rise until the men sent forth shall 
cultivate literature in its highest degree, in the 
press, in the schoolroom, on the platform, and 
in the pulpit. Let it rise until its fame and 
thorough w^ork shall surpass the expectations 
of its founders and friends, the pride of the 
Negro Baptists of Georgia and an intellectual 
lighthouse for the Negro Baptists of the Em- 
pire State of the South. Let the men who go 
from these walls prepared for high work pub- 
lish the fame of this institution by their varied 
knowledge and enlarged views, by their fixed- 
ness of purpose and their earnest desire to 
bless fallen humanity and write their name in 
bright letters in the temple of fame." 



58 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

The building was erected at a cost of $27,000, 
being completed, as per contract, November i, 
1889. The steam heating, with special plumb- 
ing, the furnishing of the dormitories, the 
equipment of the boarding department, the cost 
of the big bell, and other such expenses, added 
about $6,000 more. Thus the total cost of tlie 
land, the building, and all furnishings was just 
a little more than $40,000. The building con- 
tained at first sixty-two rooms, of which forty- 
five were for ordinary dormitory purposes. In 
the center of the structure was a beautiful little 
chapel. A suite of rooms at the south end of 
the first main floor was set aside as the Presi- 
dent's apartments. The south end of the base- 
ment was used for the kitchen and dining-room, 
the north end for the laundry and printing 
office. The money for the land and building 
as well as for other necessary expenses in this 
period was raised almost wholly by the per- 
sonal efforts of President Graves, who worked 
especially in Massachusetts, Connecticut, and 
Michigan, and among the Negro Baptists of 
Georgia. He was pleased to remark as "the 
most liberal and willing contributors" J. B. 
Hoyt, J. W. Converse, E. S. Converse, Mrs. M. 



PRESIDENT GRAVES 59 

E. Winchester, J. Estey, Mrs. W. A. Harrison, 
and Mrs. Spencer Alden. The chapel was offi- 
cially known as the Harrison Chapel. Said 
President Graves at the dedicatory exercises ex- 
actly one year after the laying of the corner- 
stone : "We are grateful to God and to His 
people that there is not a dollar of debt upon 
the property. Besides the furnishing of the 
dormitories the funds for all you see here have 
come almost wholly from friends in the North, 
and largely through the American Baptist 
Home Missionary Society, and by the generous 
and energetic co-operation of Rev. Dr. More- 
house, the Corresponding Secretary of the So- 
ciety. Nor would I omit to mention that many 
colored churches and associations, as well as 
individuals, have their names as donors hon- 
orably recorded on the doors of some of our 
rooms." 

The venerable president continued in part as 
follows : 

"May I call attention to the architecture of 
this building? Beauty, shapeliness, and sym- 
metry are not by any means the first and high- 
est qualities of a school building; utility, con- 
venience, and healthfulness stand first; and 



6o HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

should never be sacrificed to the former. But 
when both can be secured, as we think has 
been done in this case, it is most desirable. *A 
thing of beauty is a joy forever.' 

"The environments of student life are more 
important and telling than most persons think. 
They are educative in a very marked and posi- 
tive degree. There is a subtle tie between the 
physical, the intellectual, and the moral. They 
react and interact with each other, for better or 
for worse ; and we need, especially in our work 
here, to bring all these helps and advantages to 
our aid. 

''The silent, continuous effect of this build- 
ing, as the harmony and comeliness of its pro- 
portions address the eye of the student, when 
he approaches or when with backward glances 
he leaves it, will combine with the other and 
higher agencies we are here plying, to build a 
more harmonious and comely character during 
the years of his pupilage. The extra cost in- 
volved in making a structure thus attractive, is 
insignificant compared with these results. 

''We are here to-day to dedicate this build- 
ing to as noble and holy a purpose as ever tem- 
ple or cathedral was devoted — to the cause of 



PRESIDENT GRAVES 6l 

sound and sacred learning in the interests of a 
race whose necessities are so manifest and 
whose future and fortunes are so bound up with 
our own, in blessing or bane to this nation. 
Shall they become virtuous, intelligent, thrifty, 
an element of strength, a factor of prosperity; 
or be allowed to develop downward in ignor- 
ance and vice, to become more and more a dis- 
turbing element and a peril? No question in 
morals, in politics, in sociology, in religion, is 
to us as a people more practical or pressing. 
No patriot or statesman, philanthropist or 
Christian, can view this matter with any feel- 
ing but that of deep and growing solicitude. 

"Putting aside all the vexatious entangle- 
ments in which this matter is involved, the hard 
facts are before us, and we must face them. 
And scores of such buildings as this, with their 
ample and generous appointments, testify to 
the interest with which this subject is viewed 
by the Christian intelligence at the North, and 
in which, I believe, the piety and broad patri- 
otism of the South are in harmony." 



62 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

V. 

President Sale 

CHE years from 1890, when Dr. Graves 
laid aside the duties of the presidency, 
to 1897, when Atlanta Baptist Semi- 
nary became a college, were a period of solid, 
quiet, constructive effort. A new and com- 
fortable building had just been erected, and the 
problems pertinently presented were not so 
much those of any one important enterprise as 
of organization, conservation, and careful 
guidance for the future. An increasing facul- 
ty was to be moulded together, a new boarding 
department was to be directed, a course of 
study more or less unstable was to be given 
definite form, and problems looking to full co- 
operation between the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society and the Negro Baptists of 
Georgia were to be adjusted. The qualities 
primarily demanded of a new president were 
tact, ability in organization, intelligent sym- 
pathy, and a temperament that by its ease and 




President George Sale 



PRESIDENT SALE 63 

poise could influence both teachers and students 
to do their best work. In the critical days of 
the establishment of the institution in Augusta, 
when the whole enterprise of a school for Ne- 
gro young men was frowned upon by many. 
President Robert, a Southern man of Northern 
training and the widest Christian sympathy, 
proved to be the man for the task. When, after 
the death of Dr. Robert, a dynamic force was 
needed to give vision and enthusiasm for the 
obtaining of a new site and the securing of 
larger funds than had ever been secured before, 
President Graves was led to take up the bur- 
den. For the tasks of the new era the Semi- 
nary was just as fortunate in the choice of its 
president as it had been on either of the previ- 
ous occasions. 

George Sale was born in Toronto, Canada, 
September 13, 1857, the son of Julian and 
Mary Ann Tomlin Sale. After years of early 
education in Toronto, in 1876 he became con- 
vinced that he must give himself to the gospel 
ministry. He went to the Canadian Literary 
Institute (Woodstock College), for preparation, 
remaining for four years, taking charge of a 
church during the vacations, and going out to 



64 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

churches near by to preach during the term. 
It was at Woodstock that Mr. Sale laid the 
foundation for the rich knowledge of Scripture 
that was in later years of so much value to him. 
Graduating from this institution in 1880, he 
went to Toronto University for his course in 
Arts. Here he specialized in Metaphysics, and 
when he was graduated in 1884 he was award- 
ed a silver medal for distinction in this subject. 
In this same year he entered McMaster Theo- 
logical Seminary, where he remained for two 
years, at the end of w^hich time he was called 
to the First Baptist Church of Montreal. With 
an older brother he had already organized what 
has come to be one of the leading business con- 
cerns of Toronto, "The Julian Sale Leather 
Goods Company"; and in 1889 he was married 
to Miss Clara Goble, whose home was at Gobies, 
not far from Woodstock. The strain of con- 
tinuous application led him to resign his work 
in Montreal in 1885, and for the next five 
years he lived an outdoor life, being for a part 
of the time on St. Joseph's Island in Georgian 
Bay. Here he enriched himself more and more 
spiritually, learning the large patience and cul- 
tivating the courage that in later years stood 



PRESIDENT SALE 65 

him in such good stead. In July, 1890, while 
he was conducting some meetings in Toronto, 
on the recommendation of Dr. Malcolm Mac- 
Vicar, Superintendent of Education of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society, he 
was called to the presidency of Atlanta Baptist 
Seminary. He remained in this work for six- 
teen years, until 1906, when, refusing the prin- 
cipalship of Woodstock College, he became Su- 
perintendent of Education for the schools of 
the American Baptist Home Mission Society, 
which position he held until his death. In 1909 
he became a member of the special commission 
appointed by President Taft for the investiga- 
tion of Liberian affairs, his colleagues being 
Mr. Roland P. Falkner of New York, and Mr. 
Emmett J. Scott of Tuskegee Institute, Ala. 
He died in New York January 22, 19 12. 

The large aim of President Sale could hard- 
ly be better stated than he himself stated it in 
his first month of service in a letter to one who 
was thinking of taking up work in the Sem- 
inary: ''We aim not only at intellectual and 
spiritual culture, but also at social culture and 
the formation of right domestic habits in our 
students." One of the first problems definitely 



66 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

presented to him was that of the proper care of 
the large number of students who came to him. 
The very first year in the new building brought 
an unprecedented enrollment. The advisability 
of using the old building for additional dormi- 
tory space was suggested, but President Sale 
opposed this for very evident reasons somewhat 
as follows : "It would be impracticable to use 
the old building for dormitories. It is abund- 
antly large enough and the rooms are well 
suited for the purpose; but the distance from 
the Seminary is so great that it is almost out 
of the question. Then the rooms are so black 
as to the walls that it would require a good 
deal of cleaning and whitewash to make them 
habitable; and the difficulty of maintaining 
discipline at so great a distance would be very 
great." After suggesting a simplar adjustment 
of this matter he continued as follows : '*A far 
more serious difficulty presents itself in view 
of any large increase in our numbers in the lack 
of room in the classrooms. Already some of 
the classes are overcrowded, and for Professor 
Holmes's classes we use the chapel." After 
1890, however, the "hard times" that prevailed 
over the country kept down the enrollment, so 



PRESIDENT SALE 6/ 

that for the next four or five years the problem 
of congestion was not quite so acute. 

Not so quickly disposed of, however, were 
large questions of policy. The head of the in- 
stitution had to face criticism not only in the 
South, but in the North as well. Early in May, 
1895, the ''Rambler" of the Examiner indulged 
in some rather caustic criticism of the Southern 
mission schools based on an experience with 
one poorly equipped student. Said President 
Sale in part in reply under date May 1 1 : "I 
think the references to the matter of Negro 
education wholly unfair to the Southern mis- 
sion schools. A few questions suggest them- 
selves in connection therewith. Why take a 
poor fellow who has an imperfection in his 
speech and can not read correctly as a sample 
of the kind of work done in these schools, when 
you might find hundreds of young men who 
would pass an examination in every way cred- 
itable? Let it be granted that it is not *of the 
slightest use' to teach the majority of our young 
Negro aspirants Geometry, Astronomy, Logic, 
Greek, Church History, etc. ; is there any rea- 
son why the minority who show aptitude for 
these studies should not be taught them ? And 



68 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

if these studies have educational value for 
white students, why should they not have the 
same value for Negroes?" Early in 1894 the 
Christian Index (Atlanta), published several 
letters referring to the work among the Ne- 
groes in the South. President Sale wrote at 
length to the editor under date April 25. Said 
he, after reviewing isolated instances of help- 
fulness and co-operation on the part of indi- 
vidual Southern men : 'The above is, I think, 
a good showing; but at the same time every- 
body knows that between the Georgia Baptists 
at large and the Northern men and women who 
are engaged in work in the Baptist schools in 
Atlanta, there is but little sympathy, or at any 
rate but little manifested sympathy. We do our 
work and live our lives apart. I am not for- 
getting that certain brethren have taken a lively 
interest in our work — and their sympathy and 
aid have been most gratefully received; but of 
the Baptists at large what I have written is un- 
doubtedly true. The present seems an oppor- 
tune time for raising the questions : Is this 
separation necessary? Must it ever be so?" 
With his greatest tact President Sale then pro- 
ceeded to consider the social status of the races 



PRESIDENT SALE 69 

and to disclaim any avowedly political mission. 
Two years later, under date March 26, 1896, 
he could write as follows : ''I had been invited 
to address the Atlanta ministers. This I did 
some three weeks ago, emphasizing the mis- 
sionary feature of the work. I was much 
pleased with the gracious hearing and endorse- 
ment which I received. A resolution was passed 
commending the work to the Baptists of the 
state, and it was urged that I should go to the 
State Convention and give a similar presenta- 
tion of the work. The Convention meets in 
two weeks and I am to speak. I would say 
that I have received help in supporting a stu- 
dent for the ministry from the Second Baptist 
Church here, $25 being placed at my disposal 
for this purpose." Meanwhile, however, seri- 
ous differences had developed among the Ne- 
gro Baptists of the state, who in 1893 had di- 
vided themselevs into two conventions, the old 
Missionary Baptist Convention and the new 
General State Baptist Convention. In a letter 
to the editor of the Georgia Baptist under date 
February 20, 1895, President Sale wrote in 
part as follows : 'T have taken no part what- 
ever in the divisions in the state. When the 



70 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

separation was made I thought it unwise. As 
Opportunity came to me, I discouraged it. But 
the division was made and the separate con- 
vention exists. It numbers among its adher- 
ents some of our very best men, graduates of 
this school and of other schools, men whom I 
respect and who bear an excellent reputation 
for character and intelligence. * * * Lest any 
misunderstanding of the position should re- 
main, let me say distinctly that so far as the 
attitude of the school is influenced by me, it 
will not ally itself to either convention to the 
exclusion of the other, unless it is forced to 
do so by the exclusiveness of the conventions. 
It will continue to keep out of discussion of the 
points of difference, and to do its best for the 
Baptist family, irrespective of dividing lines." 
From the beginning of the administration of 
President Sale the faculty began to assume 
some degree of coherence and permanency. 
Dr. Graves, relieved of the chief care of the 
conduct of the institution, remained for four 
years longer as Professor of Theology. Said 
his successor after his death: "To most men 
it would have been difficult to resign to a suc- 
cessor and a much younger man, privileges 




Prof. William E. Holmes 



PRESIDENT SALE 7 1 

and authority which he had enjoyed for five 
years, and to accept what was, technically, a 
subordinate position. It is a pleasure to re- 
flect and to bear testimony to the fact that dur- 
ing the four years of his stay as Professor of 
Theolog}% not only did he not by word or act 
embarrass his successor in his administration, 
but no member of the faculty was more loyal 
than he." Professor Holmes remained through- 
out the period, chiefly in charge of the work 
in English and History, but also performing 
such extra duties as those of Secretary of the 
Faculty and librarian. Prof. William E. 
Marshall, A.M., served from 1890 to 1893, 
and in 1897-8 in charge of Latin and Greek, 
and at first also of Mathematics. Prof. 
Marshall was an elderly man at his time of 
service. His dignity and great scholarship won 
for him the esteem of the older students who 
came to know him, and his quiet humor and 
quaint mannerisms also won for him a warm 
place in the hearts of the younger boys whom 
he taught in his last year. Prof. Achilles T. 
Von Shulz, B.S., came in 1890 and served for 
four years in charge of the Natural Sciences. 
He was the first man to give consistent direc- 



^^2 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

tion to this important department. He was a 
man of strong personality, with almost mili- 
tary methods of scholarship and discipline. 
Mrs. Von Shulz was also an active helper, serv- 
ing sometimes as matron and again as assistant 
in the work in English. In 1892 came Miss 
Carrie E. Bemus for a noteworthy period of 
service. Miss Bemus was a graduate of the 
State Normal School at West Chester, Penn., 
and also of the Boston School of Expression. 
She had already seen sixteen years of service 
as a teacher at the time of her appointment, 
and she remained at the head of the Normal 
Practice School, now best represented by the 
English Preparatory Department, for eleven 
years, until 1903. Miss Bemus, by her fine 
and ardent nature and the general force of her 
personality, impressed all who met her, and 
she became the personal friend of scores of 
students. Prof. Frank A. Updyke, now a Pro- 
fessor in Dartmouth College, remained for 
four years (1893-7), ^s teacher of Latin and 
Greek. By his high standards of scholarship, 
his faithfulness to every detail of duty, and his 
simple, direct, genial nature, he did a great 
deal to inspire the young men of the Seminary 




Miss Carrie E. Bemus 



PRESIDENT SALE 73 

with true ideals of education. In his last year, 
with the assistance of some of the advanced 
students, he conducted a night school open to 
those in the city whose early advantages had 
been limited. Prof. Von Shulz was succeeded 
by Prof. William Manguse, A.B., (1894-6), 
a teacher of unusual brilliancy and one whose 
keenly analytical mind instantly commanded re- 
spect. Miss Emma L. Goble, from the Wood- 
stock (Ont.) Normal School, served excellent- 
ly for three years (1892-5) as assistant in the 
Normal Practice work, and Mrs. Edwin Kin- 
ney served as matron for three years ( 1894-7). 
Other instructors served for shorter periods. 
Miss Marie A. Barbour assisted as matron in 
1890-1, Miss M. A. Fiske for a part of 1891-2; 
and Rev. George A. Goodwin taught English 
and Mathematics in 1891-2, later returning for 
a longer period of service. Miss Millie J. Mc- 
Creary came in 1895 as assistant in the Normal 
Practice work. She left at the end of the year 
to become Mrs. Manguse, and was succeeded 
by her sister. Miss Margaret McCreary, who 
stayed for three years, assisting Miss Bemus 
most materially. From time to time students 
were employed as assistants. Prominent among 



74 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

those SO used were Messrs. John J. Mitchell, 
Major W. Reddick, Henry A. Bleach, John W. 
Hubert, Andrew Z. Kelsey, and John J. Starks ; 
and Rev. David G. Gullins served throughout 
the period as custodian and in other ways. 

Gradually the courses of study became bet- 
ter organized. Two months after he entered 
upon his work President Sale wrote as fol- 
lows : ''One thing I am anxious about is the 
recasting of our course. It needs a thorough 
revising. I want to see a more thorough course 
in English, and a more reasonable course in 
Natural Science, and also a Bible course in- 
corporated in the regular curriculum." These 
ideals he ultimately saw realized almost to the 
letter. The old so-called Classical Course, sur- 
viving from the '8o's, in 1892 graduated two 
men, George W. Hill and Alfred D. Jones, who 
had had a considerable part of the work now 
required in college; but after 1892 this course 
had no further place in the catalogue. In 1893 
the old Normal Course became known as the 
Academic Course, and definitely assumed shape 
as a college preparatory course. In the same 
year the formal College Course took its place 
in the catalogue, and it exhibited some striking 



PRESIDENT SALE 75 

resemblances to the course actually pursued to- 
day. The Academic Course especially was at 
first lower than the course of to-day, the first 
year being given over to what was really the 
last year of grammar school work; but from 
1893 down to the present time any changes 
made in either the Academic Course or the Col- 
lege Course have been those of detail looking 
toward a gradual raising of standards and in- 
crease in efficiency rather than of radical change 
of policy. The catalogue of 1894-5 showed 
four students as registered in the Freshman 
class in the College, and four in the Sophomore 
class; and that the work was now assuming 
some degree of stability may be seen from the 
fact that all but one of these men were regu- 
larly graduated in due time. For those stu- 
dents who were not sufficiently advanced even 
for the Academic Course, provision was made 
in the Elementary English Course, consisting 
of three of the upper grades of grammar school 
work. Under the direction of Miss Bemus 
moreover, provision for those who wished 
to emphasize strictly Normal work was made 
in the Teachers' Professional Course, which 
required one or more years of study accord- 



76 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

ing to previous preparation, which was gen- 
erally conducted in connection with similar 
work at Spelman Seminary, and which in 
course of time regularly graduated seven men. 
Important was the attention given to the The- 
alogical Course. From the early years of At- 
lanta Baptist Seminary this was planned as a 
two-year course. In actual practice, however, 
because of the poor preparation or the brief 
period of attendance of most of those who 
came, the great majority of the men in the de- 
partment were graded as pursuing the work of 
a ''Restricted Course," theoretically lower than 
the formal course and manifestly an endeavor 
"to meet the needs of all students in the de- 
partment." It was adapted to pastors and to 
those whose age or other circumstances would 
not permit them to take the full course. The 
studies were such as emphasized the practical 
duties of the preacher or pastor. Members 
were allowed to attend the lectures and pur- 
sue such other studies in connection with the 
full course students as they could pursue with 
advantage to themselves and without hindrance 
to the class. The distinction was kept up until 
1893. On August 10, 1892, however, the fol- 



PRESIDENT SALE 'J'J 

lowing resolutions with reference to Theologi- 
cal Instruction in the schools of the American 
Baptist Home Mission Society were adopted 
by the Presidents of these schools at a meeting 
at Martha's Vineyard : "First, that the Course 
of Study, as arranged by the Richmond The- 
ological Seminary for a degree in Divinity, be 
published in full in each catalogue, and that 
students for the ministry be strongly advised to 
pursue that course in Richmond. Second, That, 
in addition to the above, there be published in 
each catalogue, and taught in each school for 
males, a Ministers' Course similar to that pur- 
sued by the Richmond Theological Seminary. 
That such students as can not take the course 
in Richmond, because of age or other circum- 
stances, be advised to pursue this, and that this 
be the maximum of Theological work taught 
in those schools." This provision was made 
for general purposes of economy; but it was 
manifestly a blow at the aspirations for Theo- 
logical instruction in any institution other than 
the one in Richmond. After the death of Dr. 
Graves moreover the brunt of any Theological 
work done fell upon President Sale and Pro- 
fessor Holmes, already overworked in other 



78 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

departments. From time to time, however, the 
work was helped by special lectures under the 
auspices of the Home Board of the Southern 
Baptist Convention. Rev. Jabez M. Brittain 
lectured in 1894-6, and in 1896-7 a noteworthy 
series of lectures was delivered by Rev. Will- 
iam H. Young, Ph.D., of Athens; Rev. Mal- 
colm MacGregor, D.D., of Atlanta; Rev. B. 
D. Ragsdale, of Conyers, and Rev. Henry Mac- 
Donald, D.D., of Atlanta. In this way the 
work was carried on until 1898. Then, after 
Atlanta Baptist Seminary had become Atlanta 
Baptist College, the Theological Department 
once more assumed its true place, a more de- 
tailed course of study was planned, and a spe- 
cial Professor of Theology, Rev. C. C. Smith, 
D.D., came to assume chief direction of the 
work. 

President Sale had very definite aims about 
the establishment of efficient industrial depart- 
ments. Especially did he hope to make a be- 
ginning in gardening, carpentry, and shoe-mak- 
ing. For lack of funds, however, he was not 
able to realize his hopes. The most tangible 
result of his efforts in this direction was the 
equipment of a little printing office early in 



PRESIDENT SALE 79 

1892 in the northeast corner of the basement 
of the building. Through the kindness of 
friends, especially in Bloomfield, NJ., and in 
Boston, Mass., a fair amount of type was se- 
cured and a small press started in operation. 
The first number of the Advance, the Seminary 
paper, appeared in March, 1892, a very neat, 
well-printed four-page publication, designed to 
appear monthly. President Sale edited the 
paper, assisted by frequent articles from Pro- 
fessor Holmes and at first also from Dr. 
Graves. The students also were encouraged to 
contribute short articles about their work or 
other matters of general interest. Of special 
importance were the accounts of the work on 
the Congo from the Spelman representatives, 
Miss Nora A. Gordon and Miss Lena F. Clark, 
or on the Gold Coast from Mr. James C. 
Dawes, a member of the Theological class of 
the Seminary in 1893. 

In other ways was the progressive spirit of 
Dr. Sale shown. He aimed constantly at the 
beautifying of the campus, which except for 
its one lofty building was a rather bare red 
hill. Terraces w^ere thrown up, grass was cul- 
tivated, and on December 22, 1894, a long row 



8o HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

of twenty-four elm trees extending as far as the 
West Fair Street gate was planted along the 
main driveway. In 1893, by the will of Mrs. 
Ann Oswald Ripley, widow of Rev. Henry J. 
Ripley, D.D., of Newton Center, Mass., the 
Seminary secured one thousand dollars, the 
interest of which was to be used as a scholar- 
ship for the aid of students having the min- 
istry in view. Other scholarships, forming the 
basis of those now listed in the catalogue, were 
first announced in 1892. From time to time 
distinguished men were secured for special lec- 
tures. Not less than tremendous was the effect 
produced April 28, 1897, by the great preacher. 
Dr. P. S. Henson, then at the height of his 
powers. At the Atlanta Exposition of 1895 
President Sale saw that the Seminary was 
adequately represented along with the other 
schools of the American Baptist Home Mis- 
sion Society. The library received constant 
additions, and through the kindness of Mrs. 
E. L. Briggs, of Grand Rapids, Mich., a cabi- 
net of Natural History specimens formed the 
nucleus of a museum. 

The students were a heterogeneous lot. The 
average age was still very high; but occasion- 



PRESIDENT SALE 8 1 

ally side by side with the man of twenty-five 
or thirty sat the bo}^ of fourteen who had had 
better early advantages. No difference of age, 
however, disturbed the brotherly feeling that 
existed. All were poor boys, working for eight 
cents an hour out-of-doors, on the halls, in the 
printing office or laundry, to help to pay the ex- 
pense of board. A rough, sturdy Christian fel- 
lowship rang through all, and made them in- 
separably one. The total enrollment, some- 
what inflated by the erection of a new building, 
showed a decrease Avithin the period, falling 
from 233 in 1890-1 to 146 in 1896-7; but the 
institution was growing in other ways. 

Thus one by one the years passed, and more 
and more the school became ambitious of larger 
things. It was soon to be a college and to take 
its full place, both in fact and in reputation, as 
one of the outstanding institutions in the South 
for the higher education of Negro young men. 
But while another day was dawning, who can 
measure the heart-beat and the yearning, the 
hopes and fears, the smiles and tears, that rest 
with Atlanta Baptist Seminary? 



82 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 



VI. 
Atlanta Baptist College 

CHE period covered by the present chap- 
ter extends from the definite incor- 
poration of Atlanta Baptist Seminary 
as a college to the close of the administration 
of President Sale in 1906. In February, 1897, 
application was made to the Superior Court of 
Fulton County for amendments to the charter 
granted in 1879. The amendments included 
the granting of full college powers and the 
changing of the name of the institution by the 
substitution of the word College for Seminary. 
The application was granted March 6, 1897, 
and the school now entered upon a new era 
as "Atlanta Baptist College." 

This change of name, coming at the same 
time as the thirtieth anniversary of the insti- 
tution, made the commencement of 1897 ^^^ 
of more than ordinary interest. The occasion 
was noteworthy for the graduation of the 



ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE 83 

first college class, consisting of three men, 
Henry A. Bleach, John W. Hubert, and Major 
W. Reddick. The twentieth anniversary of 
their graduation and the fiftieth anniversary of 
the college significantly finds each one of these 
three men in charge of important educational 
work. Mr. Bleach is principal of Selden Insti- 
tute, Brunswick, Ga. ; Mr. Hubert is principal 
of the Cuyler Public School, Savannah, Ga., 
and Mr. Reddick is principal of Americus In- 
stitute, Americus, Ga. 

The formal recognition of the collegiate de- 
partment made imperative an increase in class- 
room and laborator}^ facilities. For years those 
on the first floor of the main building had been 
altogether inadequate for the needs of the in- 
stitution. Thus in the fullness of time a sec- 
ond brick building for school work arose on 
the campus. The Executive Committee of the 
Board of Trustees passed a vote as follows: 
"That the name of the new building be Qimrles 
Memorial Hall, in memory of Rev. Frank 
Quarles, former pastor of Friendship Baptist 
Church, Atlanta, in recognition of his deep in- 
terest in the education of his race, and especial- 
ly in the founding of Spelman Seminary, which 



84 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

was commenced in the basement of his church ; 
and that the building erected under the presi- 
dency of Rev. Samuel Graves, D.D., be named 
Graves Hall in recognition of the monumental 
services of President Graves in securing funds 
for its erection, for the erection of the new col- 
lege building, and also for the endowment of 
the President's chair." 

The cornerstone of Quarks Hall was laid 
with appropriate exercises on the afternoon of 
commencement day, May 25, 1898. A large 
concourse of friends assembled on the lawn in 
front of the main building, and shortly after 
four o'clock formed in procession, and, led by 
Rev. E. R. Carter, President of the new 
Georgia Negro Baptist Education Society, and 
Hon. B. F. Abbott, president of the Board of 
Trustees, marched to the site of the new build- 
ing, the walls of which were already showing 
conspicuously above the ground. The corner- 
stone was cut from a stone taken from the old 
Seminary building erected in 1879. It was in- 
scribed ''Atlanta Baptist College, A. D. 1898.'* 
The stone was placed in position and Col. Ab- 
bott said : "By square and plummet I declare 
this stone well and truly laid. May God add 



ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE 85 

his blessing to all that is taught in this building, 
and may He richly bless all those who profit by 
the instruction given here throughout all the 
years of the future." The building was dedi- 
cated Friday, October 21, 1898, addresses be- 
ing given by Col. Abbott, Dr. Carter, and Dr. 
H. L. Morehouse. 

The dimensions of Quarles Hall are 60 by 45 
feet. In the erection of the building the old 
building at the corner of Hunter and Elliott 
streets was torn down, the material being util- 
ized in the new structure as far as possible. 
This reduced very nearly by half the cost of a 
$14,000 edifice. In the main hall, facing the 
doorway, from money raised mainly by the 
contributions of graduates and former students, 
were placed tablets in honor of the memory of 
the first presidents of the institution. Dr. Rob- 
ert and Dr. Graves. The memorial consisted of 
one slab of gray polished marble, six feet long 
by two feet ten inches wide, divided by a deep 
line into two tablets and suitably inscribed. 
The first floor at Quarles Hall contained two 
classrooms and four smaller rooms; the sec- 
ond originally contained four fairly large class- 
rooms ; and the third also contained four rooms 



86 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

which became respectively a science lecture 
room, a chemical laboratory, a biological labo- 
ratory, and a physical laboratory. Throughout 
the period of Atlanta Baptist College Quarles 
Hall continued to be used primarily for the 
class work of the College, the Academy, and 
the Divinity School. On the erection of the 
next school building in 19 lo such work re- 
ceived new quarters, and, while the science 
work remained on the third floor, the first and 
second floors began to be devoted mainly to 
the increasing work of the English Preparatory 
Department, until then still inadequately housed 
on the first floor of Graves Hall, which was 
becoming more and more crowded as a dormi- 
tory. 

The erection of Quarles Hall emphasized 
anew the co-operation of Atlanta Baptist Col- 
lege and Spelman Seminary. From the be- 
ginning of formal commencement exercises in 
1884 the two institutions had held joint exer- 
cises. Through 1894 these were held in 
Friendship Baptist Church and after that 
year in the chapel in Rockefeller Hall at 
Spelman, though in 19 13 the exercises began 
again to be held separately. The connection, 



ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE 8/ 

thus always close both formally and informally, 
became definitely cemented when Quarles Hall 
was so placed as to be equally accessible to the 
young men of the college and the college stu- 
dents of Spelman Seminary, two of whom, Jane 
Anna Granderson and Claudia T. White, mem- 
bers of the class of 1901, had entered classes 
with the young men as early as the fall of 1897. 
Spelman Seminary bore her part of the cost 
of instruction by regularly contributing the 
services of one teacher, or, at first, the equiva- 
lent thereof. The understanding thus adopted 
has continued down to date, and from 1901 
through 19 1 6 Spelman has sent out a total of 
31 college graduates. Of those of the faculty 
of Spelman who have served as the representa- 
tive of that institution at Morehouse, the fol- 
lowing have served for periods of not less than 
three years : Miss Clara Denslow, Latin, 1898- 
1906; Mrs. E. M. Barrett, History, 1900-1904; 
Miss Mabel H. Parsons, English, 1900- 1906; 
Miss Claudia T. White, (now Mrs. Kemper 
Harreld), German and Latin, 19 10- 19 14. The 
present representative. Miss Lucile Desjardins, 
Professor of German and Latin, is in her third 
year of service. 



88 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

In 1902, largely at the suggestion of Dr. 
Mac Vicar, a beautiful and commodious two- 
story house was erected as the residence of the 
President, at a cost of about $5,000. The 
building is of brick and in style and architec- 
ture in harmony with the larger structures on 
the campus. 

Outwardly the institution was growing. In- 
wardly it was experiencing a season of ques- 
tioning and doubt. The very end of the nine- 
teenth century found the Negro Baptists of 
Georgia, in common with the Negro people 
throughout the South generally, in a condition 
of unusual spiritual unrest. Several lynchings, 
one of unusual barbarity early in 1899, had 
caused a season of depression that had hardly 
been equalled since the trying days of recon- 
struction after the Civil War. As affecting 
the educational work of the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society the unrest took the 
form of a demand that had been growing for 
several years for more potent voice by the Ne- 
groes of the state in the control of the institu- 
tions operated by the Society. On the plat- 
form and through the press Dr. T. J. Morgan, 
the Corresponding Secretary of the Society at 



ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE 89 

the time, again and again answered the im- 
plied criticism. The opinion of the North on 
the point was fairly well expressed by the Chi- 
cago Standard early in 1900, which spoke in 
part as follows: "There is just now no little 
discussion and consequent unrest as to what re- 
lations should exist between the Negro Baptists 
of the South and the white Baptists North and 
South. It is not at all surprising that such 
should be the case ; indeed, it is a necessary in- 
cident growing out of the situation. * * * Un- 
fortunately, it seems to us, there has arisen 
among them [the Negroes] an exaggerated 
notion of the importance of being independent, 
'owning and controlling' their schools, manag- 
ing their own affairs. Certain leaders have car- 
ried this assertion of independence to its ex- 
treme, and advocated an entire breaking away 
from organic relationship with their white 
friends. We deplore this because we believe 
that the Negroes are not prepared for such 
action. '^ * * Not one of the schools under the 
control of the Negroes is equipped, and in no 
instance has a beginning been made for an en- 
dowment. In some cases they are heavily bur- 
dened with debt. What is needed for the pres- 



90 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

ent and for years to come is a cordial co-opera- 
tion of all friends of the race in a fraternal, 
united effort to establish and endow a few cen- 
tral institutions such as those at Richmond, 
Raleigh, Atlanta, and Nashville, and to foster 
such secondary schools as experience may show 
to be desirable. As the money for this stu- 
pendous task must come almost wholly from 
the capital accumulated by white Baptists, it 
follows almost of necessity that the chief con- 
trol and general management of the schools 
endowed by them shall remain as it now is, in 
the hands of those who created these institu- 
tions." 

The American Baptist Home Mission So- 
ciety, however, desiring to maintain the good 
will and cultivate the co-operation of the Negro 
Baptists of the state, issued a call for an educa- 
tional conference to meet at Spelman Seminary, 
November 30, 1897, to which were invited rep- 
resentatives of both of the conventions of the 
state. The object of the meeting was to con- 
sider plans proposed by Dr. Morgan looking 
towards the union of all the Negro Baptists 
of Georgia in an Educational Society, whose 
aim it should be to co-operate with the Ameri- 



ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE 9 1 

can Baptist Home Mission Society in foster- 
ing the various educational interests of the 
state. The suggestions of Dr. Morgan's pre- 
liminary letter to the Negro Baptists of Georgia 
were as follows : i . That there be formed a 
representative State Educational Convention, 
with a Board of Management, which Board 
was to employ a competent financial secretary 
who was to devote his time exclusively to its 
work, be nominated by the Board and con- 
firmed by the American Baptist Home Mission 
Society, and whose salary and expenses were 
to be provided jointly by the Board and the 
Society; 2, That Spelman Seminary, Atlanta 
Baptist College, and any secondary schools that 
were established or might be established should 
be practically affiliated so as to promote har- 
mony, economy, and efficiency; 3. That the 
secondary schools. Walker Baptist Institute, 
Jeruel Academy, and any others that might be 
established should be under the absolute control 
of Negro Boards of Trustees, but remain open 
to inspection by the Superintendent of Educa- 
tion of the Society and render such reports 
as might be required so long as they received 
assistance from the Society; 4. That the man- 



92 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

agement and control of Spelman Seminary 
should not be changed ; and 5. That the Board 
of Trustees of Atlanta Baptist College be so 
reorganized as to give to the Negro Baptists 
larger representation, greater authority in the 
selection and management of teachers, and 
more financial responsibility in meeting the 
needs of the institution. The opinion of the 
conference, while not unanimous, was generally 
favorable, and a call was issued for represen- 
tatives from the churches to meet at Macon, 
February 16, 1898, to take steps to form such 
a society. These representatives met duly in 
Macon, went into formal organization, gen- 
erally approved Dr. Morgan's plan, and decided 
to hold their first annual meeting in Atlanta in 
connection with the commencement exercises 
of the schools. The following November wit- 
nessed the full consummation of plans for co- 
operation between the Home Board of the 
Southern Baptist Convention, The American 
Baptist Home Mission Society, the Georgia 
Baptist Convention, and the Negro Baptist 
Education Society. An essential part of the 
co-operation was the enhancing of theological 
instruction in Atlanta Baptist College. For the 



ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE 93 

year 1898-9 a teacher in Theology was to be 
appointed by the co-operating boards, the Home 
Mission Society undertaking to furnish an- 
other as soon as the work rendered another 
necessary. In addition, one general mission- 
ary and three district missionaries were to be 
appointed, who were to hold ministers' insti- 
tutes throughout the state and generally en- 
deavor to interest the people in educational and 
missionary work. 

In strictly collegiate work the new era wit- 
nessed a great change. At almost one leap 
the institution began to have the ideals and 
aspirations of a modern college. It is hardly 
too much to say that the new influence was due 
almost wholly to the personality of two new 
teachers, Prof. Waldo B. Truesdell and Prof. 
John Hope. Mr. Truesdell was a graduate of 
Harvard of the class of 1897. He served for 
five years in charge of the work in Science and 
Mathematics. When Quarles Hall was erected, 
his was the task of fitting out the new labora- 
tories. He did his work with the greatest en- 
thusiasm and more and more commanded the 
respect and interest of his students by his schol- 
arly attention to detail. His spirit in larger 



94 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

matters was shown by a chapel talk on "True 
Patriotism" in December, 1899. Said he in 
part: "Shaw and Higginson, Phillips and 
Lowell, were Harvard men ; and as a Harvard 
man I feel a thrill of pride at the mention of 
their names, since they were men who, unhin- 
dered by racial, sectional, or national pride or 
prejudice, did service unto men. * * * This 
college may hope to number such a list of names 
among its graduates only by following the 
same way that these walked, which is the way 
of unselfish service. Whoever you may find 
weaker or needier than yourself, of whatever 
nationality, race, or condition, help him. This 
is Christianity, and this is the only service that 
can give fame that will last." Prof. Hope is 
now President, and consideration of his work 
remains for our next chapter. In the period 
under survey, however, he offered to the men 
of the college the inspiration of one of their 
own race who exemplified the highest traits of 
general culture. In questions affecting their 
organizations, their athletics, and the numerous 
minor problems of student life, he was the 
teacher to whom the students most quickly 
turned for guidance; and he was ever a loyal 
friend. 



ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE 95 

The policy of President Sale was further 
shown in the trust he reposed in those who 
were themselves products of the institution. 
While graduates of the college had frequently 
been given in the school positions as assistants 
or tutors, with the noteworthy exception of 
Prof. Holmes, who developed almost with the 
institution, graduates of the college had not 
been given in the strictly literary work places 
of great responsibility. President Sale defi- 
nitely inaugurated a new policy. In 1899 he 
appointed Mr. John W. Hubert for the work in 
English; in 1902 Mr. Benjamin Brawley for 
the work in English, Mr. Hubert being trans- 
ferred to the Science; and in 1903 Mr. C. H. 
Wardlaw for the new work in Manual Train- 
ing. 

Gradually the faculty as a whole became 
more stable. Interestingly enough, of the 
eighteen regular Morehouse teachers whose 
names appear in the catalogue of 191 5-16, nine, 
exactly one-half of the whole number, were 
also in the catalogue issued ten years before, in 
1905-6. Dr. C. C. Smith came in 1898 from 
long experience in the ministry in Nebraska 
for the important work in the Divinity School. 



96 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

In 1903 Mrs. C. C. Smith began instruction in 
the regular work in Bible Study in the Acad- 
emy and English Preparatory Department. In 
1899 to the regret of all, Prof. W. E. Holmes 
resigned as Professor of English after more 
than twenty years of continuous service. Prof. 
G. A. Goodwin returned in 1899, this time tak- 
ing up work in the Divinity School. He re- 
mained through 1907-8, Mrs. Goodwin assist- 
ing from time to time in the work in Music. 
In 1899- 1900 Miss Bemus began to be assisted 
in the work of the English Preparatory Depart- 
ment by Miss Trudie M. Houser and Miss 
Maggie M. Rogers, both graduates of the 
Teachers' Professional Course of Spelman 
Seminary ; and from time to time Miss Ella F. 
Baker, another Spelman graduate, and Mr. A. 
Z. Kelsey, Mr. J. E. Brown, and Mr. B. B. 
Dansby, graduates of the college, also assisted. 
Miss Houser remained through the year 1904- 
5, when she was succeeded by Miss Mabel F. 
Dinkins, also of Spelman, who remained 
through 1908-9. Upon the resignation of Miss 
Bemus in 1903, Prof. Hope added to his other 
duties that of principal of the English Prepara- 
tory Department; but on his elevation to the 



ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE 97 

presidency in 1906 Miss Rogers, now Mrs. 
Howard, succeeded to the position in which she 
has since remained in efficient service. Mrs. 
M. J. Hyde became matron in 1897, ^^^ served 
for five years, through 190 1-2. After one year, 
in which Miss O. J. Hall served in the position, 
Mrs. D. E. Harvey succeeded to the work in 
which she served faithfully for eight years, 
through 1910-11. Miss Jessie Davidson, a 
teacher of unusual experience and ability, be- 
came in 1902 Bookkeeper and instructor in 
Mathematics in the Academy. She continued 
in service for a little more than three years. 
A revival of interest in Music was shown by 
the appointment of Miss Georgia M. Starr, of 
the Crane Normal Institute of Music, Pots- 
dam, N. Y., who served efficiently for two dif- 
ferent periods, 1903-5 and 1 908-11. In the in- 
terval 1905-8 Miss Lucy Z. Reynolds served for 
one year and Mrs. Grace D. Walsemann for 
two years. On the resignation of Mr. Hubert 
in 1904, Mr. John B. Watson, a graduate of 
Brown University, became Professor of Math- 
ematics and Science, remaining in service for 
four years. In the fall of 1905, on the closing 
of the work of the old Roger Williams Univer- 



98 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

sity in Nashville, came Mr. Samuel H. Archer, 
a graduate of Colgate University, who served 
first as John C. Martin Professor of Greek and 
English Interpretation, but who after a year 
succeeded to the chair of Mathematics, and 
whose vigorous personality is still one of the 
leading assets of the college. One of the great 
losses of the college in the period was that sus- 
tained in the death of James T. Germany in 
1908. Mr. Germany, a student of unusual 
quality and a member of the class of 1904, be- 
came an assistant in the work of instruction 
the year after his graduation. Serving also as 
Bookkeeper, he was gradually advancing, and 
at the time of his death was just laying the 
foundation for a brilliant career in American 
History. 

In 1889-90 the Board of Trustees consisted 
of the following men : Rev. E. Lathrop, D.D., 
President, Connecticut; Hon. W. A. Cauld- 
well. New York; Rev. H. L. Morehouse, D.D., 
New York ; Hon. B. F. Abbott, Georgia ; Major 
Sidney Root, Georgia ; Rev. Joseph Elder, D.D., 
New York; Rev. J. S. Lawton, M.D., Georgia; 
Rev. N. E. Wood, D.D., New York; Rev. W. 
J. White, Secretary, Georgia; Mr. I. G. John- 



ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE 99 

son, New York ; Rev W. A. Tilman, Georgia ; 
and Mr. Joseph Brokaw, New York. Mr. 
Lawton died in 1891, but his place was not filled 
for three years. In 1894-5 the names of Mr. 
Cauldwell and Mr. Johnson were also not on 
the list, two places being filled by Mr. A. J. 
Robinson and Rev. W. C. P. Rhoades, both of 
New York. In 1897 Dr. T. J. Morgan became 
a member of the Board; but in this year Major 
Root and Mr. Brokaw died. Both of these 
men had served most faithfully. From the 
earliest days in Atlanta, Major Root, as a mem- 
ber of the Local Committee, had helped the 
early presidents to find the way out of many 
a difficult problem. In 1898 the Board was 
entirely reconstructed ; it now numbered eleven 
men, and in accordance with the new under- 
standing with the state, four representative Ne- 
gro Baptists became members. The whole 
Board in this year was as follows : Rev. T. J. 
Morgan, LL.D., Corresponding Secretary of 
the American Baptist Home Mission Society; 
Hon. B. F. Abbott, President; Rev. E. R. Car- 
ter, D.D., Secretary; Rev. E. Lathrop, Con- 
necticut; Rev. H. L. Morehouse, D.D., New 
York; Rev. Malcolm I^IacVicar, LL.D., New 



lOO HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

York ; Rev. E. P. Johnson, Georgia ; Rev. Wil- 
liam J. White, D.D., Georgia ; Mr. A. J. Rob- 
inson, New York; Rev. W. C. P. Rhoades, 
D.D., New York; and Rev. C T. Walker, 
D.D., Georgia. In 1898-9 the place of Mr. 
Lathrop was taken by Mr. F. J. Paxon, of 
Georgia, and the next year Rev. A. B. Murden 
succeeded Rev. E. P. Johnson. In 190 1 Rev. 
J. J. Durham and Rev. W. G. Johnson succeed- 
ed Dr. White and Dr. Walker. In 1902-3 Dr. 
Morehouse succeeded Dr. Morgan as Corre- 
sponding Secretary of the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society; Mr. W. D. Chamber- 
lin, of Ohio, took the place formerly held by 
Dr. Morehouse; and Rev. John E. White, D.D., 
of Georgia, succeeded Dr. MacVicar. In 1904 
Rev. John F. Purser, D.D., of Georgia, took 
the place of Mr. Robinson. The Board as thus 
constituted remained until the close of the ad- 
ministration of President Sale. 

A review of the period would be incomplete 
without mention of the subtle quality, college 
spirit, that more and more began to pervade all 
the activities of the institution. The college, 
long halting and uncertain, began to be charac- 
terized by an enthusiasm, a self-confidence, and 



ATLANTA BAPTIST COLLEGE 10 1 

an aggressiveness that were frequently not less 
than irresistible. More and more the courses 
of study took on the modern spirit. In No- 
vember, 1903, a noteworthy three-day Confer- 
ence for Moral and Religious Training was 
held; and similar conferences were held in 1904 
and 1905. Debating as an intercollegiate ac- 
tivity began in 1906, with a contest between 
Atlanta Baptist College and Talladega College. 
Especially was the new spirit shown in ath- 
letics, in football. A beginning in this game 
had been made in 1900. By 1908 the college 
had produced a team that was the undisputed 
champion of the Negro institutions in the 
South. More and more, in every activity, in- 
tellectual, moral, physical, the great heart of 
the student body rallied to the support of the 
college. 

The world without, however, was watching, 
and for years it had had its eye upon the patient, 
gentle Christian man who presided over the 
destinies of the institution. For sixteen years 
President Sale had served, thus having the long- 
est tenure of office that any president of the 
school had ever had. In 1906 he was offered 
the presidency of his own preparatory school 



102 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

at Woodstock, Ontario, Canada, and also the 
position of Superintendent of Education for the 
schools of the American Baptist Home Mis- 
sion Society. He chose the place of larger use- 
fulness for the Negro people of the South, to 
whom so many of his best years had been 
given. No one of his old students will ever 
forget the charge he gave to them at commence- 
ment, 1906. "Boys," said he, ''be men!" Thus 
passed George Sale into larger service for 
humanity and the world. 




President John Hope 



PRESIDENT HOPE IO3 




VII. 

President Hope — Morehouse 
College 

'tlanta baptist college" 

formally survived until 19 13, in which 
year the institution by its new charter 
became '^Morehouse College." Reference has 
already been made to this event, and in a later 
chapter will be found a more extended account 
of the life and work of the distinguished 
Christian statesman whose name the college 
now bears. In the new era, extending from 
1906 down to the present day, the chief in- 
fluence in the institution has been that of the 
aims and ideals of the loyal co-worker who 
succeeded Dr. Sale as head of the college. 

John Hope was born in Augusta, Ga., June 
2, 1868, the son of James and Mary Frances 
Hope. After some years of elementary educa- 
tion, secured largely by his own efforts, he en- 
tered Worcester Academy (Mass.) in the fall 



I04 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

of 1886. He was prominent in the activities 
of the school, becoming editor-in-chief of the 
Academy, the student monthly; and at gradu- 
ation he was class historian and a commence- 
ment speaker. Entering Brown University in 
1890, he received the A.B. degree in 1894, 
with the distinction of being class orator. In 
1907 his Alma Mater conferred on him the 
A.M. degree. In October, 1894, Mr. Hope 
entered the service of the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society as a teacher in Roger 
Williams University, Nashville, Tenn. In 1898 
he was transferred to Atlanta Baptist College. 
On the resignation of President Sale he was 
promoted to the presidency, serving for the first 
year as Acting President. In 1897 ^^ was 
married to Miss Lugenia D. Burns of Chicago, 
111. He is the father of two boys, Edward 
Swain and John, Jr. President Hope is one 
of the leading figures in the education of the 
Negro in the South, and his time is largely 
drawn upon by many activities for social or 
educational service. In 1915-16 he was Presi- 
dent of the National Association of Teachers 
in Colored Schools; he is a member of the 
Board of Managers of the Y. M. C. A. of At- 



PRESIDENT HOPE IO5 

lanta, of the Advisory Board of the National 
Association for the Advancement of Colored 
People, of the Executive Committee of the 
Urban League of New York, of the committee 
on the Spingarn Medal, of the Anti-Tubercu- 
losis Association of Atlanta, and of various 
boards of the State Baptist Convention. Presi- 
dent Hope's chief interest, however, remains 
the education of men and boys; and the fact 
that he has given himself to his work in such 
whole-hearted fashion largely accounts for the 
rapid advance that Morehouse College has 
made within the last ten years. 

Two dominant impulses have so far char- 
acterized the new administration. The first is 
the emphasis by both teachers and students on 
the belief that whatever success may have come 
to the institution in the past, the greatest suc- 
cess and the greatest expansion lie in the future ; 
and the feeling is generally represented by the 
slogan of a "Greater Morehouse." The sec- 
ond impulse is the social spirit. Primarily by 
reason of the personality of the President, the 
college has within recent years become more 
and more regarded as a center of racial and 
community uplift in the city of Atlanta. Every 



I06 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

event for the last ten years of any importance, 
every movement looking toward the larger 
growth of the institution, every effort for the 
fulfilling of its mission, has been due to one 
or the other of these influences. 

The school year 19 15-16 marked the close 
of the first ten years of President Hope's ad- 
ministration. Within the period the total en- 
rollment more than doubled, the figure for 
191 5-16 being 413 as opposed to 204 in 1905-6, 
the last year before President Hope took 
charge. When we observe the higher depart- 
ments of the institution, however, the growth 
is even more manifest. The Academy in 191 5- 
16 was more than four times as large as in 
1905-6 (178 as opposed to 41), and the Col- 
lege three times as large (62 as opposed to 21). 
The Divinity School also grew (55 as against 
45 ) ; while the English Preparatory Depart- 
ment (with 118 as against 97), showed an in- 
crease, but one less in proportion than that in 
the other departments. Thus more and more 
the emphasis is on the higher work, and the 
problems of expansion are those primarily con- 
cerned with facilities for more advanced stu- 
dents. Not unnaturally accordingly the pres- 



PRESIDENT HOPE IO7 

ent administration has already witnessed more 
building than any that preceded it. 

Sale Hall, the present center of the adminis- 
trative work of the college, was erected in 1910. 
The building, with the central heating plant 
adjoining, was erected at a total cost of 
$40,000. The initial $10,000 was offered by 
Mr. Andrew^ Carnegie on condition that the en- 
tire amount be raised. The American Baptist 
Home Mission Society advanced $20,000 more 
with the understanding that the President raise 
the balance. The General Education Board 
promised $5,000 of the remaining $10,000 with 
the understanding that the President raise the 
last $5,000 from the Negro people of the South. 
The building is three stories above basement 
and contains recitation rooms for the Divinity 
School, the College, the Academy, offices, 
library, and a well-lighted chapel with a seating- 
capacity of seven hundred. The basement con- 
tains two large rooms; one, containing the 
Manual Training shop, is fitted with benches 
and sets of tools for instruction in wood-work- 
ing; the other, a gymnasium, has shower 
baths supplied with hot and cold water. 



I08 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

The large demands made on Graves Hall 
have for years rendered the need for another 
dormitory imperative. The new Robert Hall 
is the outgrowth of this demand. The build- 
ing is just completed at a total cost of nearly 
$30,000. Of this amount the General Edu- 
cation Board gave $15,000, the American Bap- 
tist Home Mission Society $5,000; and of the 
remaining amount the President raised $5,000 
among the constituency of the college. Of this 
$5,000 the students, by the most noteworthy 
co-operative effort in the history of the institu- 
tion, raised $1,000. The basement floor is used 
as a dining-room. The three main floors above 
are devoted wholly to dormitory purposes, there 
being one or two suites for teachers. The size 
and proportion of the rooms, and the electric 
lighting and other conveniences, render this in 
every way one of the most satisfactory college 
dormitories in the South. 

The rapid increase in the student body de- 
manded not only enlarged physical equipment, 
but also constant supervision of the daily 
routine of the institution. More and more the 
college was becoming known as one of the 
most representative in the South; in 1913 it 



PRESIDENT HOPE IO9 

became one of the eight original members of 
the Association of Colleges for Negro Youth. 
Before 19 12 the work of classification, sched- 
ules, reports, prizes, excuses, discipline, etc., 
had ordinarily been divided between two or 
more teachers. In this year. President Hope, 
feeling that all such work should be central- 
ized, recommended that the position of Dean 
be created. To assume the duties of the new 
office he summoned a former teacher of the 
college, Mr. Benjamin Brawley, who at the 
time was just completing his second year of 
service as Professor of English at Howard 
University, Washington, D. C. 

In spite of changes from time to time the 
faculty as a whole has become more stable with- 
in the last ten years. Dr. Smith, Mrs. Smith, 
Mrs. Howard, Prof. Archer and Prof. Ward- 
law, already members of the faculty when 
President Hope took charge, are still in serv- 
ice, and Mrs. Emily Laycock Weir, who was 
bookkeeper in 1904-6 and 1907-10, returned as 
matron in 19 14. In the three years between 
the service of Mrs. Harvey and that of Mrs. 
Weir, Mrs. Sarah P. Greene served in 191 1- 
13, and Mrs. V. Chaney Drake in 19 13-14, 



no HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

both Mrs. Greene and Mrs. Drake being grad- 
uates of Hampton Institute. From 1908 to 
19 1 2 Mr. Matthew W. Bullock, a graduate of 
Dartmouth College and the Harvard Law 
School, served as Professor of Social Science, 
and outside of the classroom did a great deal 
for the cultivation of the students in athletics 
and other lines of manly endeavor. In 1907-8 
Mr. Clement Richardson, a graduate of Har- 
vard, served as Professor of English ; Mr. Will- 
iam T. Courtney, a Hampton graduate official- 
ly connected with Spelman Seminary, as teach- 
er of Physics in 1908-9; Mr. Zachary T. 
Hubert (A.B., Morehouse, 1901 ; B.S., Mass. 
Agri. College, 1904), now President of Jack- 
son College, Jackson, Miss., as teacher of 
Chemistry in 1908-9; Mr. William J, Bauduit, 
B.S., a graduate of the University of Chicago, 
as Professor of Mathematics and Chemistry in 
1909-10; Mr. Robert P. Watts, a graduate of 
Virginia Union, later of the University of 
Michigan, as Professor of English in 1910-11 ; 
Dr. John T. Williams as Professor of Physics 
and Physiology in 1910-11; Mr. Jesse J. Phil- 
lips, a graduate of Ohio Wesleyan University, 
as Professor of Greek and Latin in 1911-13; 



PRESIDENT HOPE III 

and Mr. W. Robert Smalls, of the University 
of Pittsburgh, as instructor in Physics in 19 13- 
14. In 191 1 Mr. John W. Davis, a graduate of 
the college of the class of 191 1 who has since 
continued his studies at the University of Chi- 
cago, began his service as Professor of Chem- 
istry and Physics ; and Mr. Mordecai W. John- 
son, a member of the same class at Morehouse 
(A.B., University of Chicago, 1913), served as 
Professor of English from 1911 to 1913. Miss 
Starr was succeeded in the work in Music in 
191 1 by Mr. Kemper Harreld, a graduate of 
the Chicago Musical College, who to early in- 
struction has added the benefit of work with 
special teachers in Indianapolis, Chicago, Ber- 
lin, and elsewhere. Since 1908 Rev. E. P. 
Johnson, D.D., of Atlanta, has served as Pro- 
fessor of Pastoral Theology; and in 19 14 Prof. 
Van De Man was succeeded by Prof. Charles 
D. Hubert, who since his graduation from the 
Rochester Theological Seminary in 19 12 had 
served in the Baptist ministry in Rochester. 
Mr. Ernest W. Latson, a graduate of the col- 
lege of the class of 19 12, began his work in 
the Departments of English and Latin in 191 3, 
and Mr. Garrie W. Moore, a member of the 



112 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

same class, was Professor of Sociology and 
Economics from 1913 to 191 6, when he was 
succeeded by Mr. William H. Haynes (A.B., 
Morehouse, 191 5 ; A.B., University of Chicago, 
1916). Mr. George W. Johnson, a graduate 
of Oberlin, became Professor of Greek early in 
1914; and Mr. Benjamin F. Bullock, a gradu- 
ate in Agriculture of the University of Minne- 
sota, in 19 1 4 entered upon his work as Pro- 
fessor of Biology and Agriculture. Mr. Wal- 
ter R. Brown, a graduate of Hampton Insti- 
tute, assisted in the work in Manual Training 
from 1913 to 1915, when he was succeeded by 
Mr. Clinton E. Warner, also of Hampton. Be- 
ginning service in Physics and Chemistry in 
1916 is Mr. B. T. Harvey, Jr., a graduate of 
Colgate University, and in English is Mr. U. 
S. Donaldson, a graduate of Hillsdale College 
(Mich.) In the English Preparatory Depart- 
ment within recent years the following have 
served as regular members of the faculty : Miss 
Ida J. Rivers, 1906-8; Miss Mabel F. Dinkins, 
1905-9; Mr. Andrew R. Raiford (A.B., 1909), 
1909-10; Miss Wilhelmina Johnson, 1910-11; 
Mr. Samuel A. Owen (A.B., 1911), 1911-12; 
Miss Penelope Burwell from 191 1 to the pres- 



PRESIDENT HOPE II3 

ent time, with Miss Willa Golson beginning 
service in 1916. All of the ladies just men- 
tioned received their professional normal train- 
ing at Spelman Seminary. 

The Board of Trustees in 1906-7 was com- 
posed of the following members : Rev. H. L. 
Morehouse, D.D., Corresponding Secretary of 
the American Baptist Home Mission Society; 
Hon. B. F. Abbott, Georgia, Chairman; Rev. 
E. E. Carter, D,D., Georgia, Secretary; Mr. 
W. D. Chamberlin, Ohio; Mr. F. J. Paxon, 
Georgia; Rev. John E. White, D.D., Georgia; 
Rev. A. B. Murden, Georgia; Rev. W. C. P. 
Rhoades, D.D., New York; Rev. W. G. John- 
son, D.D., Georgia; Rev. George Sale, D.D., 
Georgia; Rev. John F. Purser, D.D., Georgia. 
So it remained for the next two years; but in 
1909-10 Dr. Rhoades was succeeded by Rev. 
Alvah S. Hobart, D.D., Pennsylvania. By the 
next year the Chairman of the Board, Col. Ab- 
bott, had died. He was succeeded as Chairman 
by Dr. Purser and in membership by Mr. W. 
W. Orr, of Georgia. Dr. Sale was succeeded 
by Rev. Charles L. White, D.D., Associate 
Corresponding Secretary of the American Bap- 
tist Home Mission Society. The vacancy 



114 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

caused by the death of Rev. W. G. Johnson was 
filled in 191 6 by the appointment of Rev. M. 
W. Reddick, A. M., of Georgia. 

In various ways affecting the internal life 
of the school has the administration of Presi- 
dent Hope been significant. One development, 
begun in the previous administration, has been 
that of cordial relations with other institutions 
in Georgia and Florida that emphasize second- 
ary education and that receive some aid from 
the American Baptist Home Mission Society. 
By vote of the Society the following institutions 
are affiliated with Morehouse College; Ameri- 
cus Institute, Americus, Ga. ; Jeruel Academy, 
Athens, Ga. ; Walker Baptist Institute, Au- 
gusta, Ga. ; Florida Baptist College, Jackson- 
ville, Fla. ; and the Florida Memorial Institute, 
Live Oak, Fla. For the benefit of those who 
may wish to pursue their collegiate work at 
Morehouse College, two scholarships, of $25 
and $20, respectively, are offered each year to 
the students in these schools who take highest 
rank in the work of the Senior class, just as 
in the case of students in the Fourth Year class 
of the Academy at Morehouse College. 



PRESIDENT HOPE II5 

Meanwhile the scientific and library facili- 
ties have shown steady advance. The total 
equipment for science is now valued at not less 
than $7,000. The library, still housed in Sale 
Hall, and recently examined with a view to 
making a clearance of some of the older and 
less valuable books, now holds about 2,500 vol- 
umes. Recent valuable additions have been 
those of Mr. William Dean Howells, Mr. Rich- 
ard Harding Davis, Mrs. Helen Gould Shepard, 
Mrs. Edwin Markham, Miss Ruth R. Richard- 
son, Mr. James Whitcomb Riley, Mrs. Mar- 
garet Deland, and Hon. Charles Evans Hughes. 

Cash Prizes for excellence in various lines 
of endeavor have received considerable atten- 
tion. Development in this direction really be- 
gan in 1902-3, when Mrs. Sale offered five dol- 
lars for excellence in oratory. In 1906 Mr. 
Willard D. Chamberlin, of Dayton, Ohio, a 
member of the Board of Trustees of Morehouse 
College, endowed two cash prizes of thirty 
dollars each for the encouragement of Bible 
study and reading. These are known as the 
Willard Chamberlin Scripture Reading Prize 
and the Samuel Graves Scripture Recitation 
Prize. They are open for competition to stu- 



Il6 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

dents in any department of the school. In 
1905-6 Mr. George W. Perkins, of New York, 
began an annual gift of twenty-five dollars for 
use in the Academy as two prizes in English 
Composition. In this year also Mr. F. J. 
Paxon, of Atlanta, also a member of the Board 
of Trustees of the college, began an annual gift 
of fifteen dollars for two prizes in Public 
Speaking. In 1908-9 President J. J. Starks, of 
Morris College, Sumter, S. C, a member of 
the college class of 1898 at Morehouse College, 
began an annual gift of ten dollars to be award- 
ed to that student in the Academy or College 
who should, from his record during the school 
year, be deemed the best man of affairs and the 
most helpful Christian gentleman as well as a 
faithful student. In 19 12- 13 Prof. J. D. Avent, 
of the A. & M. College, Tallahassee, Fla., a 
member of the class of 1907 at IMorehouse Col- 
lege, began an annual gift of ten dollars for 
competition by strictly college students in short 
story writing. Numerous other prizes have 
been offered for shorter periods. These have 
been for the encouragement of debating, mis- 
sion study, manual training, and personal neat- 
ness; and the chief donors have been the 



PRESIDENT HOPE llj 

Friendship Baptist Sunday School, of Atlanta, 
the Zion Hill Baptist Sunday School, of At- 
lanta, Rev. P. James Bryant, D.D., of Atlanta, 
Mr. Philip M. Davis, of the college class of 
191 1, and Mr. Jesse Rozier, of the academic 
class of 19 10. 

An interesting development within recent 
years has been the broadening influence of the 
college. While most of the students are still of 
course from Georgia, more and more men are 
being attracted from points even a thousand 
miles away. The enrollment of 413 in 191 5-6 
was distributed as follows : 

Georgia (exclusive of Atlanta) - 158 
Atlanta - - - - - 139 

Alabama - - - - - 38 

Florida - - - - - 19 

Mississippi - - - - - 11 

Illinois - - - - - 10 

South Carolina - - - - 9 

Tennessee - - - - - 5 

Panama, B. W. I., and South America 5 
Arkansas ----- 4 

Louisiana - - - - - 3 

Texas ------ 2 

Oklahoma - . - - -■ - 2 

Africa ----- 2 

Pennsylvania - - - - - i 



Il8 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

New York ----- i 

Connecticut - - - - - i 

Virginia _ _ _ _ - i 

North Carolina _ _ . - i 

Indiana ----- i 

One of the outstanding features of the ad- 
ministration of President Hope has been the 
excellent understanding between the head of 
the college and the student body. In the era 
of ''Atlanta Baptist College" the aggressive 
spirit that caused the institution to be widely 
known first received real impetus. In more 
recent years it has developed into a devotion 
with which the youngest student becomes 
acquainted as soon as he is enrolled. What- 
ever question may arise, the students know that 
presiding over the college is one looking out 
for their best interests, in vacation as well as 
term-time, and one with whom there may be 
the frankest conference. The response comes 
in a loyalty that has never failed when any- 
thing involving the highest welfare of the in- 
stitution was at stake. 



STUDENT LIFE IIQ 



VIII. 
Student Life 

M^^^HE students of the Augusta Institute, 
■ ^ J or Atlanta Baptist Seminary, or At- 
^^^r lanta Baptist College, or Morehouse 
College, have from the first exhibited an inter- 
esting mingling of conservatism and initiative. 
The first principle may be most easily accounted 
for by the stress of the circumstances under 
which the young men live. Ever attended as 
they are by the Negro Problem, and acquainted 
from their earliest years with the working of 
churches, associations, and conventions, they 
very soon develop a serious-mindedness and a 
philosophical viewpoint beyond what might or- 
dinarily be expected of youths of their age. 
The initiative receives its explanation in the 
large measure of freedom and the constant in- 
centive to endeavor that it has invariably been 
the policy of the administration to offer. Not 
unnaturally mistakes have been made; but on 



120 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

the whole the individual has received his best 
development under the system ; and the results 
of co-operative enterprise, with the spirit of 
"All for one, and one for all," have frequently 
been amazing. 

Supplementing their course of study, from 
very early years the students labored for self- 
cultivation. In 1 880- 1 there were two well or- 
ganized societies, the Missionary Society that 
met once a week for the general promotion of 
home missions, and the Ciceronian Lyceum that 
met every other week for practice in extem- 
poraneous speaking and parliamentary usage. 
The students also held a prayer meeting every 
Wednesday night. The pastors and churches 
in the city extended a cordial welcome to their 
Sunday Schools, their congregations, and also 
(in the case of such as were qualified) to their 
pulpits. One of the fine college traditions thus 
cultivated in the earliest years of Atlanta Bap- 
tist Seminary was that of active co-operation 
with the forces of uplift in the city. 

In 1884-5 there was some reorganization of 
the societies. The Missionary Society, broad- 
ening its scope so as to emphasize work among 
the students as well as in the city, now became 



STUDENT LIFE 121 

the Young Men's Christian Association, and 
to the Ciceronian Lyceum was added the Young 
Men's Literary Society, the two meeting in al- 
ternate weeks. In 1886-7 was organized the 
Congo Mission Circle; and the four organiza- 
tions thus constituted seem to have been suffi- 
cient for the needs of the students until the 
end of the decade. 

The slightest glance over the minutes of the 
old Ciceronian Lyceum will show that it was a 
very active force in its day. Many of the de- 
bates and discussions were of the old fashioned 
sort: The Pulpit vs. the Bar, Migration to 
Africa, Columbus vs. Washington for Praise, 
Benedict Arnold vs. Aaron Burr for Blame, 
etc. Sometimes, however, the subjects were 
such as are remarked to-day with startling per- 
titnence. Such were Co-Education, National 
Prohibition, Woman Suffrage, or Should the 
United States be allowed to arrest criminals in 
Mexico? A few years later literary subjects 
became popular, as when it was asked if Brutus 
was sincere in his professions after Caesar's 
death, or if American Literature was declin- 
ing, or which was the most noble character in 
the story of ''Enoch Arden." Sometimes, too, 



122 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

there was a theological turn to the discussion, 
as in the following rare note from the minutes 
of November 7, 1890 : "Resolved, That a man 
can fall from grace. Ably discussed by Messrs. 
H. H. Engram and P. J. Bryant. Owing to the 
light shown by both sides the jurors were un- 
able to decide." With all its faults the Cicer- 
onian Lyceum, as furnishing an opportunity 
for public speaking to the young men of its 
day, can hardly be praised too highly. Many 
of the men now prominent in the pulpits of 
Georgia or other states received their practice 
in speaking in its meetings. 

With the removal to larger quarters in 1890 
there was no less of spiritual fervor among the 
students, or of effort for their own improve- 
ment along literary lines. In 1 890-1 was or- 
ganized the Young People's Society of Chris- 
tian Endeavor, which at once became a com- 
manding force in the Seminary, as it was the 
medium of the required Sunday evening chapel 
service, and as both President and Mrs. Sale 
lent to it their personal influence. It held an 
enthusiastic missionary meeting once a month, 
at which a collection for missionary effort was 
raised. After 1893 this was regularly sent to 



STUDENT LIFE 1 23 

Mr. James C. Dawes, a Theological graduate 
of that year who went as a missionary to the 
Gold Coast, West Africa, and for whom a fare- 
well service was held in the chapel Sunday even- 
ing, May 14, 1893. Gradually the Christian En- 
deavor Society absorbed the energies of the 
Congo Mission Circle, which by 1893 had dis- 
appeared. About the same time, however, 
largely through the influence of James H. Gad- 
son, one of the most active of the students, an- 
other organization developed; this was the 
Young Men's Model Association, especially 
designed to supplement the work of the Young 
Men's Christian Association along the lines of 
gentlemanly deportment. 

For a year or two also in the decade flour- 
ished the Intercollegiate League, an organiza- 
tion composed of the advanced students of At- 
lanta Baptist Seminary, Spelman Seminary, 
Gammon Theological Seminary, and Clark 
University, that from time to time rendered 
programs of a public nature, especially on the 
first of January. The Pi Gamma Literary So- 
ciety, enrolling students of collegiate or Teach- 
ers' Professional grade in Atlanta Baptist 
Seminary and Spelman Seminary was organ- 



124 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

ized in April, 1895, largely through the efforts 
of Timothy Williams. The P of Pi was in- 
tended to stand for Miss Sophia B. Packard, 
and the G of Gamma for Dr. Graves, so that 
the Society was intended to keep fresh the 
memory and the joint efforts of these two 
heroic workers, as well as do everything pos- 
sible for the broadening and refining in culture 
of the young men and women who became 
members. 

About 1903 there was some reorganization 
of the societies. The Y. M. C. A. remained, 
gathering more and more dignity as the most 
serious instrument and voice of the student 
body. The Baptist Young People's Union suc- 
ceeded the Young People's Society of Chris- 
tian Endeavor ; and the College Debating Club 
and the Academic Debating Club took the place 
of the old Ciceronian Lyceum and the Young 
Men's Literary Society. By 19 10, however, 
the Baptist Young People's Union had passed, 
and the present arrangement of having the 
Sunday evening chapel services alternately in 
charge of the faculty and of the Y. M. C. A. 
was begun. The Ministers' Union, the organi- 
zation of the members of the Divinity School, 



STUDENT LIFE 1 25 

appeared in 1908. The Athletic Association 
was organized in the late '90's, and with the 
oversight of a committee of the faculty, it gen- 
erally directs the energies of the students along 
the lines of outdoor sport. From time to time 
there have been other societies for special pur- 
poses; but those that have been mentioned are 
the ones that have best fulfilled a permanent 
function. 

The Athenaeum Publishing Company, large- 
ly through the efforts of Timothy Williams, 
was organized in 1898 by advanced students 
of Atlanta Baptist College and Spelman Semi- 
nary for the regular publication of a student 
journal. The Athenaeum has continued publi- 
cation down to date, though for two or three 
years about ten years ago it found it hard to 
appear regularly. A high standard w^as set by 
the first editor, John A. Mason (editor for 
three years, 1898-1901), and in general the 
degree of excellence of the publication has de- 
pended on the joint ability and co-operation of 
the editor, the business manager, and the fore- 
man of the college printing office, who has al- 
ways been one of the students. From time to 
time the Athenaeum has shown a tendencv to 



126 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

publish articles that were too serious-minded 
in tone. More than once, however, its humor 
or reflection of college life has attained even 
unto brilliancy, and on the whole it is by virtue 
of merit that the periodical has continued to 
appear as the voice of student sentiment and 
ideals. 

While for years debating, with other branch- 
es of public speaking, had been much cultivated 
by the students of the college, it was in 1906 
that intercollegiate debating was formally be- 
gun. In this year a contest took place in At- 
lanta with Talladega College, and since then 
not a single year has passed without the annual 
debate between Talladega and Morehouse; so 
that now the two institutions have sustained 
longer unbroken relations in debating than 
have obtained in the case of any other Negro 
colleges in the country. In 191 1 Knoxville 
College became the third member of a triangu- 
lar league; and now regularly on the second 
Friday night of every April each one of the 
three colleges has at home a team upholding the 
affirmative side of a given question, and at one 
of the other institutions a team defending the 
negative side. 



STUDENT LIFE 12/ 

With the coming of Mr. Kemper Harreld, 
of Chicago, in 191 1, the work in Music received 
a great impetus. In addition to being a gradu- 
ate of the Teachers' Course of the Chicago 
Musical College, Mr. Harreld has pursued spe- 
cial studies in Chicago, Berlin, and elsewhere. 
Under his direction a Glee Club and an Or- 
chestra were soon organized, and the annual 
concert is now one of the chief musical events 
afforded by the city of Atlanta. 

In connection with such organizations as 
have just been mentioned, and with the gen- 
eral oversight of the Departments of Music and 
English, student life has found an outlet in 
numerous ways. From time to time a classic 
English play has been produced, in costume. 
Every spring the Glee Club and Orchestra make 
a visit to one or two cities not far away; and in- 
variably they have excited favorable comment 
and reflected credit on the college. One of the 
most noteworthy changes in student customs 
within recent years has been that affecting the 
character of Class Day. Up to 1913 the exer- 
cises on this occasion had been a succession of 
histories, orations, and "prophecies" that varied 
little from year to year. In 19 13, however, the 



128 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

innovation of making an original comedy the 
feature on this occasion was introduced with 
marked success. Invariably the aim has been 
to reflect student Hfe at Morehouse College in 
some way, though necessarily some themes have 
offered better opportunity than others. In 
1913 the production was "The Education of 
Lias Johnson," a comedy mingling the pathos 
and humor of Negro life in Georgia, and deal- 
ing with the experiences of a country boy who 
makes a place in the heart of his companions 
at Morehouse College. In 19 14 "Everystu- 
dent," a working out of the early English mo- 
rality idea, was presented. "College Days" in 
191 5 took its theme directly from school life, 
also reflecting home-life in Georgia and mak- 
ing a feature of the incidental music. "The 
Loves of Anne Page" in 19 16 was a rather 
elaborate Shakespearean burlesque in special 
honor of the tercentenary of the great dramat- 
ist's death, marked by special dramatic produc- 
tions throughout the country. The success of 
the changed order of Class Day has exceeded 
the highest hopes, especially as each succeeding 
class has held to the policy of requiring no ad- 
mission fee. In 19 16 the college chapel was 



STUDENT LIFE 1 29 

not more than half large enough to accommo- 
date the crowd desiring entrance. 

The enthusiasm of the students along athletic 
lines in the '90's found an outlet in devotion 
to an unusually successful baseball team. Base- 
ball was in fact the only sport known at the 
time, and one of the liveliest games each year 
was that played on Thanksgiving Day. On the 
lists of the players in the earlier years of the 
sport appear the names of many men now well 
known in other fields, among them W. E. Rain- 
water (captain and first base), P. J. Byrant, 
A. D. Jones, and G. W. Hill. The first men- 
tion of baseball in the Advance was in the form 
of a note written by James M. Nabrit for the 
issue of April, 1896. This is given entire: 

The four colored institutions in Atlanta have 
formed a league to play a series of six games 
each. There is a pennant for the winner. Three 
games are to be played on the home grounds 
and three away. The season begins March 
28th and ends May 9th. The first games will 
be between Atlanta University and Atlanta 
Baptist Seminary on the Seminary grounds, 
and between Morris Brow^n and Clark Univer- 
sity. The interest shown by every one speaks 
well for the standing of our schools in the city. 



130 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

The Atlanta Baptist Seminary holds the cham- 
pionship, having- defeated every institution in 
the city; but . 

The team that represented the Seminary in 
this the first year of the formal league was com- 
posed of the following men : A. D. Jones and 
George Darden, pitchers; Charles Robinson, 
catcher; J. M. Nabrit, first base; W. L. Max- 
well, second base; Henry Darden, shortstop; 
C. S. Johnson, right field ; Lucius Jones, center 
field ; Timothy Williams, left field ; Henry Mar- 
tin, W. C. Lawrence and James Foster, substi- 
tutes. Suits were made by the sewing depart- 
ment of Spelman Seminary. The team won 
four of the six games scheduled. Nabrit was 
the outstanding captain and player in the pe- 
riod. His valedictory to baseball in 1898, with 
two home runs, a three-base hit, and a two-base 
hit all in the same game, is still remembered 
by those who were in school with him. 

Since the formal organization of the league 
in Atlanta baseball games have taken place 
every spring between Morehouse and the other 
colleges in Atlanta, and sometimes with other 
institutions also, notably Talladega, Howard, 
Shaw, Knoxville, and Tuskegee. Naturally 



STUDENT LIFE I3I 

some seasons have been better than others ; but 
the college has fully held its own, and on more 
than one occasion has even furnished brilliant 
contests. 

Football was formally organized in 1900. It 
took three or four years for the game to get 
well started: then there came a period when 
for five years the college was undefeated, be- 
ing in 1908 (also in 1912 and 19 16) the unques- 
tioned champion of the South. The chief con- 
tests from year to year have been with Atlanta 
University, Fisk, Talladega, Tuskegee, and 
once with Hampton. Morehouse College has 
now won an enviable reputation for hard 
fighting and clean sportsmanship, and those 
vvho have so far participated in the athletics 
of the institution pass on to those who may 
come after them one of the finest of college 
traditions. 

Easily the most noteworthy co-operative stu- 
dent effort in the history of the college was the 
raising of $1,000 early in 1916 toward the cost 
of the new dormitory. The students gave to 
the President of the college the inspiration of 
a pledge to this amount, and at once organized 
themselves into groups under the general di- 



132 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

rection of William E. Griffin, a member of the 
class of 19 16. They wrote to their friends, 
their churches, their Sunday Schools, men for 
whom they had worked, and contributed freely 
of their own slender means; and within two 
months the whole amount of $1,000 was raised. 
For inspiration, enthusiasm, and the losing of 
the individual in the common interest, this 
effort must ever remain one of the brightest 
pages in the history of the college. 

Purely cultural and social phases of college 
life have not been neglected. From time to 
time in the course of every school year there 
are short social gatherings of the young men 
of the college and the young women of Spel- 
man Seminary ; and three or four times a year, 
with the full approval of the Deans of the two 
institutions, there are longer and more formal 
events. It is ever remembered that the two 
schools were founded and are controlled by 
missionary agencies, and at every gathering it 
is intended that the association and entertain- 
ment shall in every way be such as would be- 
fit Christian institutions of learning. 

Of the indefinable life of the students on the 
halls, in their rooms, on the campus, outside 



STUDENT LIFE 1 33 

of the classrooms, outside of all formal meet- 
ings of societies, etc., the chief influence has 
undoubtedly been the atmosphere of home. 
Somehow — ^by the co-operation of teachers and 
students, by the interests of students in one 
another, by the large air of friendliness that 
pervades everything — the boys have become 
bound with ''hoops of steel" to their Alma 
Mater. More intense personal devotion to an 
institution it would be hard to find. When all 
are together they have their chief happiness; 
when they are apart they constantly think of 
the time when they will shake glad hands again. 



134 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 



fi 



IX. 
Northern Friends 

'ROM time to time in the course of our 
story we have made mention of 
friends in the North who have in one 
way or another helped toward the furtherance 
of the work of the institution. President Rob- 
ert received some aid from this source, and 
President Graves drew upon his wide acquaint- 
ance for funds for the erection of what is now 
Graves Hall. Special interest attaches to the 
Cook legacy. Through the efforts of his pas- 
tor, a friend of Dr. Graves, Mr. Josiah W. 
Cook, of Cambridge, Mass., was led to be- 
queath to the institution the sum of $30,000. 
This provided for the erection of the steam 
heating plant of 1895; it made possible the 
erection of Ouarles Hall and the President's 
residence, as well as furnished the funds for 
other things from time to time. The Execu- 
tive Committee of the Board of Trustees, in 



NORTHERN FRIENDS 1 35 

order to perpetuate the name of the generous 
donor, in 1898 passed the following vote: 
"That the balance of the funds of the Cook 
legacy, after paying for the new building 
(Ouarles Hall) and the necessary furnishings, 
be set apart for the endowment of the Presi- 
dent's chair, under the name of the Cook Me- 
morial Chair, and that the accruing interest of 
the fund be added to the principal until the 
amount reaches twenty thousand dollars." 

As an organ of the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society, however, the college has de- 
pended chiefly for its maintenance upon a yearly 
grant from the funds of this organization. The 
Woman's American Baptist Home Mission So- 
ciety has also shown official interest in the 
school for men, though naturally its chief ef- 
forts are given to Spelman Seminar^^ The 
spirit which has animated the American Baptist 
Home Mission Society in its large educational 
work for the colored people is well illustrated 
by the utterances of two representative men, 
those of President Martin B. Anderson of the 
University of Rochester, who was also Presi- 
dent of the Home Mission Society, and also 
Dr. Nathan Bishop of New York, for a time 



136 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

Corresponding Secretary of the Society. Dr. 
Anderson at the meeting in St. Louis in 1865 
made the following stirring remarks : *'It has 
been asked, what will you do with the Negro ? 
God does not require of us an answer to this. 
Our question is, what will we do for the Ne- 
gro? God will tell us, when it pleaseth Him, 
what to do with the Negro. Let us do ou/r 
work, and leave the rest to God. Let us or- 
ganize them into churches and Sunday schools ; 
teach them to labor, and to make of themselves 
men in every sense. God will do the rest." Dr. 
Bishop, who with Mrs. Bishop, had given very 
largely for this work, said: "I have been 
blamed for giving so many thousand dollars 
for the benefit of colored men. But I expect 
to stand side by side with these men on the 
day of Judgment. Their Lord is my Lord. 
They and I are brethren ; and I am determined 
to be prepared for that meeting." Many ap- 
pointees of the Society moreover have given 
themselves with most devoted missionary zeal 
at great self-sacrifice, to the uplift of the col- 
ored people. The Society has also delighted to 
recognize ability and merit in the promotion of 
Negro instructors to positions of influence in 



NORTHERN FRIENDS 137 

its schools, and has aided many that are owned 
and controlled by Negro Baptists. Our story 
accordingly would be incomplete without some 
statement of the exact service of the American 
Baptist Home Mission Society and the men 
who have had most to do with the direction of 
larger matters affecting the institution. Fore- 
most of course is he whose name the college 
now bears. 

Henry Lyman Morehouse was born in Stan- 
ford, N. Y., October 2, 1834, the son of Seth 
S. and Emma B. Morehouse. He received the 
A.B. degree at the University of Rochester in 
1858, and entering the Rochester Theological 
Seminary was graduated in 1864. From the 
same institution he received degrees D.D. in 
1879 and LL.D. in 1908. Ordained to the Bap- 
tist ministry in 1864, he served as pastor in E. 
Saginaw, Mich., until 1873, and as pastor of 
the East Avenue Church, Rochester, from 1873 
to 1879. Since this latter date and for nearly 
forty years he has been constantly in the serv- 
ice of the American Baptist Home Mission So- 
ciety, from 1879 to 1893 ^s Corresponding Sec- 
retary, from 1893 to 1902 as Field Secretary, 
and again since 1902 as Corresponding Secre- 



138 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

tary. Immediately after his connection with 
the Society began, special attention was given 
to the extension of the educational work among 
the Negro people of the South. Dr. Morehouse 
has served the denomination in numberless ca- 
pacities. In 1870 he was President of the 
Michigan Baptist State Convention; from 1877 
to 1879, in connection with his Rochester pas- 
torate, he was Corresponding Secretary of the 
New York Baptist Union for Ministerial Edu- 
cation and from 1893 to 1903 Corresponding 
Secretary of the American Baptist Education 
Society. He was prominent also in organizing 
the General Convention of American Baptists, 
and has been a member of the American Com- 
mittee of the Baptist World Alliance since 
1905. He was pre-eminently the leader in 
the organization of the Ministers and Mission- 
aries' Benefit Board of the Northern Baptist 
Convention in 191 1, and was influential in se- 
curing large offerings for its work. Since 191 1 
he has been the President and Treasurer of this 
Board. The New Era Institutes which he or- 
ganized for the Negro Baptist preachers of the 
South were probably the best ever organized 
for such a purpose, and failed to achieve their 



NORTHERN FRIENDS 1 39 

greatest success only because Southern Bap- 
tists did not co-operate with Northern Baptists 
more generously. Dr. Morehouse has edited 
various missionary periodicals and has served 
as trustee of Kalamazoo College, 1866-72; 
Baptist Union Theological Seminary, Chicago, 
1867-72; Rochester Theological Seminary, 
1874-9; and Columbian University, 1894-7. 
He is the author of Baptist Home Missions in 
America 1883; History of the First Baptist 
Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1899, and numerous 
pamphlets and poems. For several years Dr. 
Morehouse has made his home in Brooklyn, 
N. Y. 

The mere facts of the life of Dr. Morehouse 
give only a faint impression of the unique place 
he holds in the hearts of the Negro Baptists of 
the South and of Baptists throughout the coun- 
try. In all his work he has ever shown himself 
to be a man of vision and true statesmanship. 
Not inaptly has he been called the ''Field 
Marshal of the Baptist denomination." To the 
never-ending problems of the cause he has 
brought a wisdom and a hope that have been 
the constant inspiration of those associated with 
him. In his dealings with the peculiar diffi- 



I40 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

culties of the education of the Negro his kindly 
spirit and his great tact have accounted for his 
unusual success. With full faith in the future 
he has ever championed the cause of those for 
whom he labored. Nor has he forgotten that 
he was dealing with a people singularly placed 
— one ever in need of inspiration in the work- 
ing out of its destiny. No one who heard him 
will ever forget his words at a great mass-meet- 
ing in Atlanta in 1903 : "The great heart of 
the North is still with you." Of such mould 
is the man whose very life, for nearly forty 
years in the Home Mission Society's service, 
has been an inspiration and benediction, and 
whose name is now the emblem of all high 
purpose and noble resolve for every young man 
who enters Morehouse College. 

Associated with Dr. Morehouse from time 
to time have been other men whose influence 
on the college has been noteworthy. Promi- 
nent was Dr. Thomas J. Morgan, Correspond- 
ing Secretary of the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society from 1893 to 1902. Dr. Mor- 
gan had served in the Civil War as Colonel 
of the 14th U. S. Infantry, made up of Negro 
soldiers. Subsequently he was made brevet 



NORTHERN FRIENDS I4I 

Brigadier-General for "gallant and meritorious 
service in the war." Graduating at the Ro- 
chester Theological Seminary in 1868 he served 
for a while in the pastorate in Nebraska as well 
as in other ways for the denomination. His 
experience in education included that of Presi- 
dent of the State Normal School of Nebraska, 
Professor for a number of years in the Baptist 
Theological Seminary of Chicago, and Princi- 
pal of the Rhode Island State Normal School. 
In 1889 he was strongly recommended for the 
position of United States Commissioner of 
Education ; but at the earnest request of Presi- 
dent Harrison he became Commissioner of In- 
dian Affairs. From the beginning he labored 
with great success to place the education of the 
Indian on a plane of intelligence that it had 
never held before. In his work as Correspond- 
ing Secretary of the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society he had a great deal to do with 
the making of Virginia Union University and 
with the general raising of standards through- 
out the South. Dr. Morgan's military experi- 
ence and his long years of service in the class- 
room and in government offices gave him a 
positiveness in planning and execution that f re- 



142 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

quently concealed his large and intelligent sym- 
pathy for the work in which he was engaged. 
Closely associated with Dr. Morgan was Dr. 
Malcolm Mac Vicar, a man of Scotch descent, 
who, after years of distinguished work as an 
educator in New York, Michigan, and Canada, 
in 1890 entered the service of the American 
Baptist Home Mission Society as Superintend- 
ent of Education. He continued in this posi- 
tion until 1899, in which year he became the 
first President of Virginia Union University, 
at which institution he remained until his 
death in 1904. Dr. Mac Vicar was intensely 
interested in the details of school work, espe- 
cially in establishing the curriculum of the 
schools of the Society on a sound college basis. 
No summary could be better than the tribute 
of Dr. Sale in 1904: "He had faith in the 
Negro, and his plans for our educational work 
looked far into the future. Although all his 
plans did not materialize, one has only to com- 
pare our schools now with what they were in 
1890 to realize the substantial results of Dr. 
MacVicar's work. Every school operated or 
owned by the Society felt the bracing effect of 
his supervision." 



NORTHERN FRIENDS 1 43 

Another friend has been Dr. Wallace But- 
trick. For nearly thirty years (from 1883 to 
1902) Dr. Buttrick was engaged in the Baptist 
ministry in New Haven, St. Paul, and Albany. 
Especially in the later years of this period was 
he interested in the educational work of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society, and 
as Chairman of the Committee on Education 
he was invited to make a tour of inspection of 
the schools in the South. He made a note- 
worthy report, and one which had immediate 
effect in better organizing the work and indeed 
in giving him background for his own later 
career. In 1902 Dr. Buttrick became Secre- 
tary of the new General Education Board. In 
this position he has done much to help the col- 
lege within recent years. 

Several other friends, notably in Grand Rap- 
ids, Mich., and in Dayton, Ohio, have from 
time to time helped in the carrying forward of 
the work. Mention has already been made of 
the prizes offered yearly by Mr. W. D. Cham- 
berlin of Dayton. In numerous other ways has 
Mr. Chamberlin proved himself a loyal sup- 
porter of the work; and while he has large 
business interests he still bears the responsibility 
of a trustee of the institution. 



144 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

After Dr. MacVicar ceased to be Superin- 
tendent of Education for the schools of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society, the 
place remained technically vacant for seven 
years. Then in 1906 Dr. Sale was called to 
the work. After the death of Dr. Sale the 
office w^as again nominally vacant for three 
years. The real work in the period, however, 
was ably executed by Dr. Charles L. White, 
Associate Corresponding Secretary since 1908. 
Dr. White, a graduate of Brown University 
and of the Newton Theological Seminary, 
brought to the work of the Society experience 
gained in the Baptist ministry in New Hamp- 
shire and as President (from 1901 to 1908) 
of Colby College in Maine. On January i, 
19 1 5, Dr. Gilbert N. Brink became Superin- 
tendent of Education. Dr. Brink had already 
had the experience of fourteen years as an edu- 
cator in the Philippine Islands and in Califor- 
nia ; and he brought to his new work a breadth 
of vision and a human touch that very soon 
marked him as a worthy successor of Dr. Mac- 
Vicar and Dr. Sale. 

We now append a statement of the cost of 
the institution now known as Morehouse Col- 



NORTHERN FRIENDS 145 

lege to the American Baptist Home Mission 
Society for the forty-eight years from 1869 to 
1 9 16, inclusive: 

The amount for property purposes includes 
the special contributions by Negro friends of 
about $10,000, also grants of $20,000 by the 
General Education Board of New York, all of 
which passed through the Society's treasury. 
No current expense item for Augusta Institute 
from 1 869- 1 875 appears in the Treasurer's re- 
ports of the Home Mission Society, though it 
seems probable that such expenses were in- 
curred and were included in a general item with 
other matters. 

Years Salaries Other Expenses Property 

1869........ $ 944.53 

1870 2,700.08 

1871 725.00 

1872 1,500.00 

1873 1,500.00 

1874 1,500.00 

1875 1,500.00 

1876 1,530.00 $ 587.75 

1877 1,945.30 738.55 

1878 1,925.00 1,290.92 

1879 2,280.00 2,481.00 

1880 2,465.00 2,323.69 

1881 2,895.00 2,361.83 

1882 3,132.50 1.915.22 



146 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

1883 4,988.69 

1884 3,457.50 

1885 2,699.40 

1886 3.066.15 

1887 3,768.61 

1888 3,636.98 

1889 3,890.02 

1890 4,824.09 

1891 5,351.09 

1892 5,865.29 

1893 5,803.88 

1894 5,989.25 

1895 5,397.98 

1896 5,033.75 

1897 4,980.00 

1898 4,917.50 

1899 5,165.00 

1900 5,650.36 

1901 5,440.49 

1902 7,318.67 

1903 7,965.67 

1904 8,137.00 

1905 8,103.00 

1906 8,553.60 

1907 8,777.82 

1908 9,072.04 

1909 8,622.30 

1910 9,136.50 

1911 9,471.95 

1912 10,072.33 

1913 10,359.15 

1914 10,361.27 

1915 10,490.46 

1916 10,582.96 

Totals... $253,493. 16 



2,265.84 


$ 8,761.49 


2,021.00 




1,445.62 




1,295.27 




1,811.63 




2,077.70 


4,000.00 


3,334.04 


8,260.00 


4,036.32 


32,971.55 


2,781.39 


763.44 


1,831.11 


647.00 


2,388.95 




1,180.18 




1,650.11 




1,358.20 


3,053.00 


845.75 




1,495.84 




2,216.71 




2,844.36 




1,301.12 




1,351.37 




1,826.26 


1,036.57 


2,071.64 


1,695.52 


2,517.60 




1,409.76 




2,376.87 




1,195.13 


355.00 


2,817.49 




1,887.06 




1,499.13 


41,585.18 


1,994.02 




827.56 




1,100.00 


1.444.50 


1,100.00 




300.00 


30,000.00 


$74,153.99 


$134,573.25 



NORTHERN FRIENDS 147 

For the period ending-: 

1877 $13,844.91 $ 1,326.30 

1887 30,677.85 19,212.02 8,761.49 

1897 50,772.33 21,483.75 49,694.99 

1907 70,029.11 19,411.53 2,732.09 

1917 88,168.96 12,720.39 73,384.68 



$253,493.16 $74,153.99 $134,573.25 

Grand Total, $462,220.40. 



148 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 



X. 

The Alumni and Their Work 

^I^^^HE foregoing pages have given the 
■ ^ J story of an institution whose mainte- 
^^^^ nance has involved the best service of 
scores of consecrated workers and the expendi- 
ture for buildings and salaries of aproximately 
half a million dollars. At the end of fifty years 
one might not unreasonably ask : To what pur- 
pose has the sacrifice been made? Have the 
results justified the expenditure? The answer 
should be found in the work of those who have 
received benefit from the institution and who 
now in various lines of endeavor are trying to 
exemplify its mission. 

Before 1884 no students were regularly 
graduated from Atlanta Baptist Seminary. In 
this year four Theological and ten Normal 
(high school) graduates received their formal 
diplomas. Before this date, however, several 
men had really completed the course of study 



THE ALUMNI AND THEIR WORK I49 

offered. The catalogue of the college states that 
30 men thus satisfied the standard — -19 in the 
Normal and 11 in the Theological Course. 
Thirteen of the 30 are now dead, and the two 
groups represent duplication in the case of six 
men. Since diplomas began to be regularly 
awarded in 1884, 251 graduates have received 
these from the Academic (formerly the Nor- 
mal) Course, 119 from the Theological Course, 
7 from the Teachers' Professional Course, and 
2 from the old Classical Course, that represent- 
ed approximately the first two years of college 
work, while 83 have received the A.B. degree 
in the College. The honorary degrees of Mas- 
ter of Arts and Doctor of Divinity have been 
awarded on 26 occasions, only once to a man 
who was neither a graduate nor a former stu- 
dent of the institution. If now we make a 
grand total of all who have at any time com- 
pleted a prescribed course or taken a degree 
at the college, we arrive at the figure 538. 
This, however, can hardly be the basis of an 
exact study, as so many men represent dupli- 
cations. Mr. Henry A. Bleach not only com- 
pleted the work of the Academy and received 
the A.B. degree in the College, but also took 



150 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

the diploma of the Teacher's Professional 
Course and has had the A.M. degree conferred 
upon him. Mr. James E. Brown, of Americus, 
is similarly the holder of four diplomas from 
the institution; while Rev. E. G. Thomas has 
the unique distinction of being the only gradu- 
ate of the Divinity School who had come all 
the way through the Academy and the College 
at Morehouse College. If now we do away 
with all duplication and consider only those 
who have regularly been graduated since 1884, 
we are evidently more likely to arrive at a just 
estimate of what the graduates of the college 
are doing in their respective communities. We 
then find that we have to deal with 395 indi- 
viduals. These are to be accounted for as fol- 
lows: 

Preaching ----- 90 

Teaching - - - - - 75 

Collegiate or Graduate Study - 56 

Medicine or Dentistry - - - 34 

Insurance - _ _ _ . g 

Business (merchandise, etc.) - - 7 

Farming ----- 6 

Civil Service - - - - - 6 
Social Service (Y. M. C. A. work, etc.) 6 

Miscellaneous Occupations - - 31 



THE ALUMNI AND THEIR WORK I5I 

Deceased ----- 59 
Unknown - - - - - i6 

It is to be remembered of course that a man 
sometimes engages in two occupations; thus 
he may be preaching and teaching, or teaching 
and farming. The endeavor has been, how- 
ever, to give in each case what seems to be the 
chief source of income. 

If now we omit from the table just given 
the 59 men deceased, and also leave out of the 
enumeration the 56 men who are still really 
students, we have left 280 who should be ac- 
tively at work. Of these 90 are preaching and 
75 are teaching. In other words, not less than 
three-fifths of the living graduates of More- 
house College are definitely known to be either 
preaching or teaching, while at least another 
fifth are engaged in the work of the medical 
profession, Y. M. C. A. work, or other lines 
of definite service. 

Tendencies within recent years, however, are 
best represented by the record of the strictly 
collegiate graduates. Of these there have been 
83. They are to be accounted for as follows : 

Teaching ----- 46 
Professional or Graduate Study - 13 



152 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

Medicine or Dentistry - - - 6 

Social Service _ - _ - 4 

Preaching ----- 3 

Miscellaneous - - - - 8 

Deceased ----- 3 

If again we omit the students as not yet 
really at work, and the deceased, we find that 
46 out of 67, a little more than two-thirds, are 
known to be teaching. If w^e consider the re- 
lated lines of endeavor, preaching and social 
service, and remember that three or four in 
the ''Miscellaneous" number are simply not yet 
definitely settled, we may not unreasonably 
state that the college graduates of Morehouse 
College have already established a tradition of 
distinguished service for the people for whom 
they labor. 

Figures, however, are cold. In the state of 
Georgia there are over three hundred thousand 
Negro Baptists to be reached. Just what in 
concrete terms are the graduates of this repre- 
sentative institution doing for the intellectual 
and spiritual uplift of this great number of 
people ? 

In the first place it might be said that one 
of the traditions definitely cultivated at More- 



THE ALUMNI AND THEIR WORK 1 53 

house is that of sympathy for the great number 
of Negro people not so fortunate as the young 
men in school. Accordingly, even while in col- 
lege or at their own home churches or Sunday 
Schools, the men take a keen interest in the af- 
fairs of the denomination and the race. Not 
unnaturally when they graduate they are very 
frequently summoned to positions of strategic 
importance. 

We cite a few examples. In Atlanta grad- 
uates of the Dvinity School are in almost every 
case pastors of the representative Negro Bap- 
tist churches. The whole list is too long to 
give here; but as exemplifying the point we 
might remark Rev. E. R. Carter at Friendship 
Baptist Church, Rev. P. J. Bryant at Wheat 
Street Baptist Church, and Rev. A. D. Williams 
at Ebenezer Baptist Church. In Augusta the 
three representative pastorates are those of Rev. 
C. T. Walker at Tabernacle Baptist Church, 
Rev. L. P. Pinckney at Thankful Baptist 
Church, and Rev. J. M. Nabrit at Springfield 
Baptist Church, while Rev. Henry Morgan, at 
Friendship Baptist Church, has seen active con- 
secutive service for more than forty years. In 
1893 ^he old Missionary Baptist Convention 



154 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

of Georgia became divided; but in 1915, 
through the providence of God, it became united 
again. Of this Organization the President, 
Vice-President at large, the Recording Secre- 
tary, the Assistant Recording Secretary, the 
Corresponding Secretary, the Educational Sec- 
retary, two of the three auditors, as well as 
some other officers, are Morehouse College men. 
The teaching positions of some of the college 
graduates are of commanding importance. Mr. 
Z. T. Hubert is President of Jackson College, 
Jackson, Miss. ; Rev. J. J. Starks is President 
of Morris College, Sumter, S. C. ; Mr. B. B. 
Dansby is Professor of Mathematics at Jackson 
College ; Mr. B. F. Hubert is Director of Agri- 
culture at the State College, Orangeburg, S. C. ; 
Mr. J. D. Avent is a Professor of English at 
the A. & M. College, Tallahassee, Fla. ; Mr. H. 
A. Bleach is Principal of Selden Institute, 
Brunswick, Ga. ; Mr. J. W. Hubert is Principal 
of the new Cuyler Public School at Savannah ; 
Mr. G. A. Curry is in charge of the Depart- 
ment of Latin in the High School at Kansas 
City, Kan. ; while Mr. P. M. Davis, in charge 
of the Slater Public School in Birmingham, 
Ala., has 23 teachers and 1,458 students under 
his direction. 



THE ALUMNI AND THEIR WORK 1 55 

Morehouse College and its affiliated acad- 
emies have also drawn heavily on this source. 
At Morehouse the Dean of the college and Pro- 
fessors Wardlaw, Hubert, Davis, Latson, and 
Haynes are graduates of the institution. At 
the head of the affiliated academies represen- 
tative graduates are at work as follows: At 
Americus Institute, Americus, Ga., Rev. M. W 
Reddick, with Mr. J. E. Brown; at Walker 
Baptist Academy, Augusta, Ga., Mr. G. W 
Hill; at Jeruel Academy, Athens, Ga., Rev. J 
H. Brown, with Mr. T. H. Smith, Mr. C. H. S 
Lyons, and Mr. C. H. Brown ; at Florida Me- 
morial Institute, Live Oak, Fla, Rev. S. A. 
Owen, with Mr. R. D. Kelsey. 

More and more is the college winning a na- 
tional reputation for genuine service. The in- 
stitution now has graduates in important pas- 
torates at points so far away as Los Angeles, 
Cal., Chicago, 111., Rochester, N. Y., and New 
Haven, Conn. Of special interest is activity in 
the important field of Social Service. Mr. J. H. 
Hubert is now Secretary of the Brooklyn 
Branch of the Urban League of New York. 
Within the last year two important vacancies 
have ocairred in the International Secretary- 



156 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

ships of the Young- Men's Christian Associa- 
tion, one in the new department of the work 
for boys and the other in that for students. 
Two graduates of Morehouse, Mr. G. W. 
Moore and Mr. M. W. Johnson, have respec- 
tively been called to fill these positions. In 
19 14 the important place of Probation Officer 
for Juvenile Negro Delinquents was created by 
the courts of Atlanta. The first man called 
upon to take up this work was Mr. G. W. 
Moore, who, within two years, while doing- 
part work as a teacher in the college, made an 
excellent reputation in the new field. Mr. 
Moore has now been succeeded by Mr. W. H. 
Haynes, also a graduate of the college. 

All that has so far been said has to do with 
those who have graduated from some depart- 
ment of the institution. No mention has been 
made of the large and important group of men 
who attended, sometimes a few months, some- 
times even several years, but who did not for- 
mally receive a diploma. These men now num- 
ber approximately 2,500. In general they are 
following the same lines of activity as the 
graduates. While the positions are naturally 
for the most part not quite so prominent, the 



THE ALUMNI AND THEIR WORK 1 57 

service is sometimes even more genuine. Again 
and again as one travels over the state he finds 
that in a remote and rural community the real 
leader is a man who spent only a few months 
at the institution, but who in even so short a 
time received the inspiration that uplifts and 
guides him in his efforts day by day. 

Within recent years the younger men have 
shown a commendable desire to continue their 
studies even after graduation. They have 
done so at Chicago, Harvard, Cornell, and Co- 
lumbia Universities. Most frequently they 
have gone to Chicago. At this institution a 
graduate of g'ood standing at Morehouse can 
get a supplementary A.B. degree by nine 
months of study. Six Morehouse College grad- 
uates have thus taken the Chicago degree. The 
last one, Mr. W. H. Haynes, in his year of 
residence, in addition to taking a degree, won 
a place on the debating team that defeated the 
University of Michigan and also a cash prize 
of $100 in oratory. In various other fields, 
academic or public, have the representatives of 
the college achieved distinction. Mr. C. D. 
Hubert and Mr. M. W. Johnson, who pursued 
their Divinity courses at the Rochester Theo- 



158 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

logical Seminary, ranked in each year at the 
head of their respective classes. A distin- 
guished preacher, Rev. C. T. Walker, has de- 
livered addresses on many noteworthy occa- 
sions, one being before the National Educa- 
tional Association. Mr. Judson W. Lyons, a 
lawyer of Augusta, Ga., has been Register of 
the Treasury of the United States. Two years 
ago Edmund T. Jenkins, one of the younger 
boys of the college, and one especially inter- 
ested in music, made his way to the Royal 
Academy in London. Already able to per- 
form brilliantly on half a dozen instruments, 
he was last year awarded a scholarship and has 
already seen his original orchestral composi- 
tions formally played on public occasions. 

Naturally the college has a warm place in 
the hearts of the men to whom it has meant 
so much. To more than one it has in every 
truth been a home and they constantly think 
of it as such. The Alumni Association, espe- 
cially fostered in the earlier years by George 
A. Goodwin, has within recent years taken on 
new life. Most of all has it helped the Presi- 
dent on his recent building campaigns. 



THE ALUMNI AND THEIR WORK 1 59 

Such has been the result of fifty years of 
consecration and service; an efficient school, a 
Christian home, and the salvation of thousands 
of people. As we write these closing lines and 
think of our anniversary, we remember again 
the words of the venerable man whose name 
the college now bears, spoken on another an- 
niversary occasion nearly ten years ago : "In 
my years of service I have seen the coarse boy 
become the talented preacher, the cultured pro- 
fessor, and the wise leader of thousands, and 
from long and wide acquaintance and observa- 
tion I am prepared to say that the investment 
has paid a hundredfold." 



l6o HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

APPENDIX 

1. List of Sources 

The annual catalogue of Morehouse College (including 
"Historical Sketch of the Augusta Institute" by Dr. 
Joseph T. Robert). 

The files of the Advance, the Athenaeum, the Speltnan 
Messenger, the Baptist Home Mission Monthly, and 
the Georgia Baptist. 

Minutes of the Faculty of Morehouse College, of the 
Board of Trustees, and of the Missionary Baptist 
Convention of Georgia. 

Manuscript giving some important facts of early his- 
tory left by Rev. W. J. White, and other documents, 
letters, programs, etc., in the library of Morehouse 
College. 

William Cathcart : The Baptist Encyclopedia. Philadel- 
delphia, 1881. 

Charles H. Corey : History of the Richmond Theological 
Seminary. Richmond, Va., 1895. 

For information or other assistance on special points 
indebtedness is gratefully acknowledged to Rev. H. L. 
Morehouse, of New York; President John Hope, of 
Morehouse College; President W. E. Holmes, of Cen- 
tral City College, Macon, Ga. ; Mrs. Clara Goble Sale, 
of Boston, Mass.; Mr. Ephraim Sale, of Toronto, Can- 
ada; Dr. S. C. Graves, of Detroit, Mich.; Mr. William 

C. Graves, of Chicago, 111.; Rev. E. R. Carter, of At- 
lanta, Ga. ; Rev. D. D. Crawford, of Atlanta, Ga.; Rev. 

D. W. Cannon, of Atlanta, Ga. ; Rev. A. D. Williams, of 
Atlanta, Ga., and Rev. J. M. Nabrit, of Augusta, Ga. 



APPENDIX l6l 



2. Original Charter of Atlanta Baptist 
Seminary, 1879 

APPLICATION FOR CHARTER. 

State of Georgia, Fulton County: 
To the Superior Court of said County: 

The petition of Joseph B. Hoyt and Edward Lathrop 
of Stamford, Conn. ; Samuel S. Constant, Nathan Bishop, 
William E. Cauldwell, Joseph Brokaw, Joseph F. Elder, 
of the City and State of New York ; James H. DeVotie, 
James H. Lowe, Sidney Root, Frank Quarles, William J. 
White, of Georgia, respectfully represent that they, to- 
gether with such other persons as may hereafter be asso- 
ciated with them as trustees, desire to become incor- 
porated and made a body corporate and politic under 
the laws of the State of Georgia under the corporate 
name of "The Atlanta Baptist Seminary/' The ob- 
jects of the said corporation are to promote education 
among the colored people of the South, especially by 
the training of preachers and teachers of the colored 
race, and to this end, and to better accomplish its ob- 
jects the corporation will establish and maintain such 
schools, colleges, and universities as it deems necessary. 

The corporation will transact its business in the City 
of Atlanta in said County of Fulton ; it desires also the 
privilege to have an office in the said City and Count>^ 
of New York, if it so wishes. Petitioners desire for 
said corporation to have a continuous succession for 
twenty years with the privilege of renewal from time 
to time in future as the terms expire; and the right to 
sue and be sued, and to have and use a common seal, and 



1 62 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

to make and change from time to time such by-laws 
binding on the members of the corporation as are not 
inconsistent with the laws of this State or of the United 
States, and that it have power to receive donations by 
gift or will, and to rent, lease, purchase and hold such 
real and personal property as may be necessary for the 
purpose or uses of said corporation and to dispose of the 
same at pleasure and that it have power to do all such 
acts as are necessary for the legitimate execution of its 
powers and carrying out its purposes. 

Petitioners do not desire for said corporation to be 
a money-making body, organized for the purposes of 
individual pecuniary gain and they therefore do not de- 
sire to have any capital stock. 

They desire the privilege of fixing and collecting such 
tuition fees each term as they desire and to use such 
moneys collected in carrying on and maintaining such 
schools, colleges and universities as they may establish 
under this charter. 

Petitioners now have in hand in property and money, 
the sum of more than Six Thousand Dollars with which 
to begin operations so soon as this petition is granted. 
They desire that said fund and the property of the cor- 
poration may at all times alone be subject to its debts. 

Petitioners are mere trustees and do not desire to 
become individually liable for the debts of said corpora- 
tion or to be in any way liable therefor except as trus- 
tees for said property as aforesaid. 

Petitioners pray that they may be made a body cor- 
porate and politic as aforesaid with the privileges as 
aforesaid; that this petition may be recorded by the 
Clerk of the Superior Court of said County, and that 
the same may be published in the Daily Constitution, a 
public gazette of said City of Atlanta and County of 



APPENDIX 163 

Fulton, once a week for one month and after the ex- 
piration of said time, that the Court may pass an order 
declaring said application and petition granted. 
And petitioners will ever pray, etc. 
Julius L. Brown, 

Attorney for Petitioners. 

Filed in office this April 24th, 1879. 

J. S. HOLLIDAY, 

Clerk. 

EX PARTE APPLICATION FOR CHARTER FOR 
ATLANTA BAPTIST SEMINARY 

Upon hearing the petition of James B. Hoyt and Ed- 
ward Lathrop, of Stamford, Connecticut; Samuel S. 
Constant, Nathan Bishop, William E. Cauldwell, Joseph 
Brokaw, Joseph F. Elder, of the City, of New York; 
James H. DeVotie, James H. Lowe, Sidney Root, Frank 
Quarles and William J. White, of Georgia, as stated in 
the above and foregoing pages hereto attached, and be- 
ing satisfied that the application is legitimately within 
the provisions and intentions of the Code, and being 
satisfied by proof that the law has been complied with, 
it is ordered by the Court that said application be 
granted, and that said petitioners and their successors 
be incorporated under the name of the Atlanta Baptist 
Seminary for the term of twenty years with the privi- 
lege of renewal at the expiration of said term and that 
they have such other powers and privileges as are ap- 
plied for. In open Court May 28th, 1879. 

Geo. Hillyer, 

Judge S. C. A. C. 



164 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

Georgia, Fulton County, 

I, G. H. Tanner, Clerk for the Superior Court in and 
for said county, do hereby certify that the above and 
.foregoing is a true and correct copy granting charter to 
the Atlanta Baptist Seminary as appears of record in 
this office and recorded in Book of Minutes "O" folios 
30, 31, 134, 135. Given under my hand and seal of office 
this April 17th, 1889. 

G. H. Tanner- 



APPENDIX 165 



3. By-Laws of Original Board of Trustees 

of Atlanta Baptist Seminary, 

Adopted July 18, 1879 

1. The seven members of the Board, residing in and 
near New York, shall constitute the Executive Commit- 
tee of the Board, and shall possess the full powers of the 
Board, when the Board itself is not in session. 

2. The Executive Committee shall elect their own 
Chairman and Secretary; and three members thereof 
shall constitute a quorum for transaction of business. 

3. The five members of the Board, residing in 
Georgia, shall constitute the local Committee and be 
charged with the duties of local administration under 
the instructions of the Board or the Executive Com- 
mittee. 

4. The local Committee shall elect their own Chair- 
man and Secretary, and three members thereof shall con- 
stitute a quorum for the transaction of business. 

5. The Executive and local Committees shall keep 
records of their proceedings and each of these commit- 
tees shall transmit annually a copy of its records to the 
Board. 

6. The Board shall hold an annual meeting for the 
election of officers and for other business, in the month 
of July, at the call of the Executive Committee, and at 
such annual meetings there shall be elected a President, 
Secretary, and Treasurer, who shall hold their offices un- 
til their successors are chosen. 

Special meetings may at any time be called by the 
Executive Committee. 



1 66 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 



4. Amended Charter of 1897 

State of Georgia, Fulton County : 
To the Superior Court of said County: 

The petition of the Atlanta Baptist Seminary, situ- 
ated in the City of Atlanta, Fulton County, State of 
Georgia, respectfully showeth : 

1. That 3'our petitioner was incorporated and made 
a body corporate and politic under the name and style 
of "Atlanta Baptist Seminary" by the Superior Court 
of said county on the 28th day of May, A. D. one thou- 
sand eight hundred and seventy-nine, and, whereas your 
petitioner in order to promote to better advantage the 
objects for which it was made a body corporate, viz: 
the ''Education of the colored people of the South, espe- 
cially the training of preachers and teachers of the col- 
ored race" desires certain amendments to the charter by 
which it was made a body corporate and politic, to-wit : 

2. That in the corporate name "Atlanta Baptist 
Seminary" the word "College" be substituted for the 
word "Seminary." 

3. That in substituting the word College for the 
word Seminary in the corporate name of the corpora- 
tion the corporate powers heretofore possessed by the 
said corporation are not in any way changed or affected, 
and that the said corporation shall have the power to 
hold in trust, as heretofore, all endowment and other 
funds, and property real and personal, which has been 
procured, given or left by gift, bequest, or devised to 
the said institution under the name of "Atlanta Baptist 
Seminary" or which shall be given to it by gift, bequest, 
or devise under its new name of "Atlanta Baptist Col- 



APPENDIX 167 

lege" and to administer the same for the maintenance 
of said Atlanta Baptist College as the donors have 
designated or may designate. 

4. The said corporation shall have the power to pre- 
scribe and maintain such courses of instruction Acad- 
emic, Professional, and Technical as by them may be 
found necessary to carry out the purpose for which it 
has been made a body corporate; and that it shall also 
have power on the recommendation of the faculty of 
the said Atlanta Baptist College to confer such degrees 
of marks of literary or professional distinction as are 
usually conferred by institutions in the United States, 
possessing University powers. 

5. That the affairs of the said corporation shall be 
managed by a Board of Trustees who shall have power 
to appoint and remove the President of said Atlanta 
Baptist College, and such professors, teachers, and other 
officers, agents or servants, as it may find necessary to 
employ, in carrying on the work of said College, and 
to determine the compensation for service of all of its 
employees. The Board shall have power to make and 
establish from time to time such rules and regulations 
as it may deem necessary to regulate the management 
of every department of said Atlanta Baptist College. 

6. That the Board of Trustees shall hereafter con- 
sist of not more than eleven and not less than seven 
members, of whom the Corresponding Secretary of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society, for the time 
being, shall be, ex officio, one of the number. The ma- 
jority of the members of the Board shall constitute a 
quorum for the transaction of business. 

7. That the said Board of Trustees at its first meet- 
ing after the granting of this petition shall divide itself 
as nearly as possible into three equal classes ; the first 



1 68 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

class shall serve for one year, second class for two years, 
and the third class for three years. The term of office 
of the successors of each of these three classes shall be 
three years or until their successors are appointed. All 
vacancies on the Board, whether caused by expiration 
of the term of office, or resignation, removal or death, 
shall be filled by the Board itself. Appointments to fill 
vacancies caused by resignation, removal or death, shall 
be made only for the unexpired term of the office. 

8. No religious test shall be made for admission to 
any department of the College, but that two-thirds of 
the Board of Trustees and the President of the College 
shall at all times be members in good standing in regu- 
lar Baptist Churches ; and so long as the College re- 
ceives pecuniary help from the American Baptist Home 
Mission Society it shall be subject to visitation by the 
Superintendent of Education of the Society, and the 
teachers selected and appointed by said Board of Trus- 
tees shall be subject to approval by the Executive Board 
of said Society. 

9. That the said Board of Trustees shall have power 
to appoint of its own members an Executive Committee 
which shall have authority during the intervals of the 
meetings of the Board to transact all of the business of 
the corporation, except the purchasing, conveying or 
mortgaging of real estate, the investment of funds, the 
appointment and removal of officers and teachers, and 
fixing their salaries. That the term of years which said 
Trustees have been incorporated by order of said Su- 
perior Court, made May 28th, one thousand eight hun- 
dred and seventy-nine, be extended twenty years from 
date hereof. 

Your petitioner therefore prays that the Court de- 
clare the foregoing amendment granted, and direct that 



APPENDIX 169 

they shall be made a part of the original charter granted 
by said Court and recorded as such by the Clerk of said 
Court, and your petitioner will ever pray. 

Abbott & Cox, Petitioner's Attorneys. 
Filed in office January 4, 1897. 

C. H. Tanner, C. S. C. 

EX PARTE PETITION OF ATLANTA 
BAPTIST SEMINARY 

In Fulton Superior Court, March Term, 1897. 

It appearing to the Court that the petition for amend- 
ment of charter comes within the purview of the law, 
and that the said application has been duly published, as 
required by law, it is therefore considered, ordered and 
adjudged by the Court, That the said petition be granted 
in all respects, and that the corporate name of said cor- 
poration shall be "Atlanta Baptist College." 

That in substituting the word "College" for the word 
"Seminary" in the original corporate name, the corporate 
powers heretofore possessed by the said corporation are 
not in any way changed or affected, and that the title 
to all property, both real and personal, belonging to the 
said Atlanta Baptist Seminary is hereby vested in the 
said Atlanta Baptist College, and that the said cor- 
poration shall have the power to hold in trust, as here- 
tofore, all endowment and other funds and property, 
real and personal, which has been procured, given or 
left by gift, bequest, or devise to the said institution 
under the name of the Atlanta Baptist Seminary, or 
which shall be given to it by gift, bequest, or devise 
under its new name of the Atlanta Baptist College, and 
to administer the same for the maintenance of the said 
Atlanta Baptist College as the donors have designated 
or may designate. 



170 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

It is further ordered that the said Atlanta Baptist 
College shall have all of the rights, powers and privi- 
leges which are set forth in the petition, and which are 
prayed for in the various amendments set forth in the 
petition, the same as if the said right, powers and privi- 
leges were expressly set forth in this order and judg- 
ment. 

It is further ordered that the said corporation shall 
have the right to exercise the powers and privileges set 
forth and prayer for in said petition, but also shall be 
authorized to exercise all the rights, powers and privi- 
leges incident to corporations of that character under 
the laws of said State. 

The Clerk of this Court will enter this order and 
judgment on the minutes of this Court upon payment 
of legal costs. 

This March 10th, 1897. 

J. H. Lumpkin, 

Judge S. C. A. C. 

State of Georgia, County of Fulton. 

I, C. H. Tanner, Clerk of the Superior Court of the 
said County, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a 
true copy, from the files and records of said Court, of 
the application to change the name of the "Atlanta Bap- 
tist Seminary" to the Atlanta Baptist College," and the 
order granting the same. 

Witness my hand and seal of said Court this 11th 
day of March, 1897. 

C. H. Tanner. 
Clerk Superior Court, Fulton Countj% Ga. 



APPENDIX 171 



5. By-Laws Adopted by the Board of 
Trustees February 18th, 1898 

1. The Board of Trustees of Atlanta Baptist Col- 
lege shall hereafter be composed of eleven members, 
and so long as the College receives financial help from 
the American Baptist Home Mission Society, seven of 
them shall be white men, and shall be appointed on the 
nomination of the Society; the other four members shall 
be Negroes, and shall be appointed on the nomination 
of the Board of Managers of the Negro Baptist Educa- 
tional Society of Georgia. 

2. Six members of the Board shall constitute a 
quorum for the transaction of business, and each mem- 
ber shall be entitled to vote on all questions, either in 
person or by proxy, but a proxy must be a member of 
the Board. 

3. At each annual meeting of the Board all vacancies, 
whether caused by the expiration of the term of office, 
resignation, removal or death, shall be filled by the 
Board in accordance with the requirements of Section 
seven of the Charter and Article first of the By-Laws, 
Members chosen to fill vacancies caused by resignation, 
removal or death shall be appointed only for the un- 
expired term of the members whose places they fill. All 
members shall be eligible for reappointment. 

4. The Board shall meet annually at such time and 
place as its Executive Committee may decide. Special 
meetings may be called by the Chairman of the Board 
at his own option or on the request of the Executive 
Committee. 



172 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

5. At each annual meeting the Board shall elect a 
Chairman, Treasurer, and Secretary, who shall continue 
in office until their successors are elected. At any meet- 
ing, in the absence of the Chairman or Secretary, the 
Board shall appoint one of its members to fill pro tern the 
place of the absent officer. The Treasurer may be ap- 
pointed outside of the members of the Board. 

6. The Chairman of the Board shall discharge the 
duties which usually belong to such officers. The Secre- 
tary shall keep an accurate record of all the proceedings 
of the Board, conduct its- correspondence, and, on the 
request of the Chairman, he shall give two weeks' notice 
to each member of the Board of annual and special 
meetings. In the case of a special meeting he shall 
specify the object for which the meeting is called, and 
no other business can be transacted at that meeting with- 
out the unanimous consent of the members present, 

7. The Treasurer shall keep an accurate record of 
all moneys received and disbursed and make an annual 
report of the same to the Board of Trustees at its an- 
nual meeting. This report shall be audited by the Treas- 
urer of the American Baptist Home Mission Society. 

8. The Treasurer, on the order of the President of 
the College, shall pay all bills for current expenses, in- 
cluding the boarding department and the compensation 
of teachers and other employees of the College not other- 
wise provided for. He shall also pay, on the order of 
the Chairman of the Executive Committee, countersigned 
by the Secretary, such other bills as the Committee shall 
audit and order paid. 

9. The Board, at each annual meeting, shall appoint 
five of its members as an Executive Committee which 
shall have authority, during the intervals between meet- 



APPENDIX 173 

ings of the Board to transact its business to the extent 
provided for in Section nine of the Charter. Three mem- 
bers of the Executive Committee shall constitute a 
quorum. 

10. The Executive Committee shall appoint of its 
own number a Chairman and Secretary. The Secretary- 
shall keep an accurate record of all the proceedings of 
the Committee and he shall submit to the Board of Trus- 
tees at its annual meetings a full report of the same for 
its approval. 

11. Meetings of the Executive Committee shall be 
called by its Chairman at the request of the President 
of the College, the Chairman of the Board, or any mem- 
ber of the Committee. These meetings shall be held at 
such time and place as the Chairman of the Committee 
may designate. 

12. The executive officer of the College shall be a 
President, in whom shall be vested the internal manage- 
ment of the Institution, subject to such general regula- 
tions as the Board of Trustees shall from time to time 
enact. In administering the affairs of the College, he 
shall counsel with the Executive Committee of the Board 
and with his faculty on all matters in which he may re- 
gard such counsel necessary. He shall also present a 
full report to the Board at its annual meeting of the 
condition of the College and of such plans for future 
development as should be considered and acted upon by 
the Board. 

13. The President and other teachers and employees 
of the College whose salaries are paid by the American 
Baptist Home Mission Society shall be appointed on 
the nomination of the Executive Board of the Society; 
and all teachers and other employees of the College 



174 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

whose salaries are paid by the Negro Baptist Education 
Society shall be appointed on the nomination of its Board 
of Managers. 

14. The President of the College shall furnish each 
year the Secretary of the Board of Managers of the 
Negro Baptist Education Society with a copy of his an- 
nual financial report and of his annual report of attend- 
ance, etc., made to the Corresponding Secretary of the 
American Baptist Home Mission Society; and also of 
his annual report of the condition of the College. 

15. All the records of the Board of Trustees and its 
Executive Committee shall at all times be open for the 
inspection of any member of the Board or representa- 
tive of the Home Mission Society. 

16. All meetings of the Board shall be opened by 
prayer, and the following shall be the usual order of 
business: — (a) Reading of the Minutes of the previous 
meeting; (b) Reports of Committees; (c) Unfinished 
Business; (d) New Business. 



APPENDIX 1 75 



6. Amended Charter of 1913 

Georgia, Fulton County, 

To the Superior Court of said County: 

The petition of the Atlanta Baptist College respect- 
fully shows as follows: 

1. Your petitioner is a corporation duly incorporated 
by order of this Court, entered on the 30th day of March, 
1897. Its principal place of business is in Fulton County, 
Ga. It desires to amend its said charter in the follow- 
ing particular: 

That its name be changed from 

Atlanta Baptist Colljige 

TO 

Morehouse College 
2. On the 21st day of March, 1912, at a meeting of 
the Board of Trustees of your petitioner, a resolution 
was duly and unanimously adopted authorizing this cor- 
poration to apply to this Honorable Court for amend- 
ment to its Charter as hereinbefore set out, a duly cer- 
tified copy of said resolution is hereto attached and 
marked "Exhibit A," and made a part hereof; reference 
to which as often as may be necessary is prayed. 

3. The Board of Managers of The American Bap- 
tist Home Mission Society, on the 9th day of December, 
1912, at a meeting of said Board of Managers, a reso- 
lution was duly and unanimously adopted approving the 
resolution adopted by your petitioner's Board of Trus- 
tees. A copy of this resolution is hereto attached and 
marked "Exhibit B," and made a part hereof; reference 
to which as often as may be necessary is prayed. 



176 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

WHEREFORE : Petitioner prays that a copy of this 
petition be published for four successive weeks and that 
an order be obtained amending the Charter as herein de- 
sired. Matthew W. Bullock, 

Petitioner's Attorney. 

"EXHIBIT A" 

Meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Atlanta 
Baptist College held at the said College in Atlanta, Ga., 
on the 30th day of March, 1912. 

All of the Board of Trustees being present, in person 
or by proxy, the following resolution was unanimously 
adopted : 

"Resolved, That the Board of Trustees of the At- 
lanta Baptist College vote to change the name of the 
Institution from "Atlanta Baptist College" to "More- 
house College," if this should meet with the approval 
of the American Baptist Home Mission Society; and 
the President of the College is instructed to take up the 
matter of amending the charter to meet this change in 
case the American Baptist Home Mission Society ap- 
proves." E. R. Carter, 

Secretary of Board of Trustees 
of Atlanta Baptist College. 

"EXHIBIT B" 

New York, April 25, 1913. 
"Recommended that President John Hope be au- 
thorized to take the necessary steps to secure an amend- 
ment of the Act of Incorporation of Atlanta Baptist 
College in changing the name to "Morehouse College," as 



APPENDIX 177 

voted by the Board of Trustees of the Institution and 
by the Board of Managers of this Society. Also to ob- 
tain the new plates for diplomas and a new seal for 
the Institution, together with such other incidental 
changes as may be required." 

I, the undersigned Secretary of the Board of Man- 
agers of The American Baptist Home Mission Society, 
do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and cor- 
rect copy of the vote adopted by the said Board of Man- 
agers of said American Baptist Home Mission Society 
in lawful meeting assembled on the ninth day of Decem- 
ber, 1912. 

Witness my hand and official seal this 25th day of 
April, 1913. 

(Signed) Charles L. White, 

Official position. Recording Secretary 
of the Board of Managers. 

(Seal of Corporation). 

Filed in office, May 8th, 1913. 

Arnold Broyles, C. S. C. 



Georgia, Fulton County. 

In the Superior Court of said County, May Term, 1913: 
Whereas, The Atlanta Baptist College, through its 
Board of Trustees, having filed in the office of the Clerk 
of the Superior Court of said County, its petition seek- 
ing to amend its charter, heretofore granted, by changing 
its name from "The Atlanta Baptist College" to "More- 
house College," and having complied with the statutes 
in such cases made and provided, and upon hearing of 
the said petition, the Court being satisfied that the ap- 



178 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

plication is legitimately within the purview and inten- 
tion of the Civil Code of 1910, and the laws amendatory 
thereof, it is hereby ordered and declared that said ap- 
plication is granted, and the above named petitioner's 
name is changed from "Atlanta Baptist College'' to 
"Morehouse College." 

This 7th day of June, 1913. 

J. T. Pendleton, 
Judge S. C. A. C. Fulton County, Ga. 



State of Georgia, County of Fulton. 

I, Arnold Broyles, Clerk of the Superior Court of 
Fulton County, Georgia, do hereby certify that the with- 
in and foregoing is a true and correct copy of the appli- 
cation for charter changing its name from "Atlanta 
Baptist College" to "Morehouse College," and order 
of Court granting same, as appears of file and record 
in this office. 

Witness my hand and seal of Court, this the 12th day 
of June, 1913. 

Arnold Broyles, 
Clerk, Superior Court, Fulton County, Ga. 



APPENDIX 



179 



7. List of All Students Enrolled at the 

Augusta Institute or Atlanta Baptist 

Seminary from 1871 to 1883 

The following is a complete list of all students en- 
rolled between 1871, when President Robert took charge, 
and 1883, the last year before any students w€re regu- 
larly graduated. No records of those who attended be- 
fore 1871 are preserved. The list gives those who at- 
tended for any period, whether a part of one year or 
for several years. Names marked * are of those who 
generally indicated a desire to emphasize theological 
studies. Post-offices, unless otherwise indicated, are in 
Georgia, and in the case of a change of address in dif- 
ferent catalogues, the last address is given: 



*Abercrombie, Terrell 
♦Adams, Albert T, 

Adams, Oliver A. 
♦Allen, Alfred J. 

Allen, J. A. 

Allen, William M. 

Alexander, John E. 
*Amos, A. G. 

Anderson, Benjamin J. 
♦Anderson, Charles 
♦Anderson, J. H. 
♦Appling, Alexander 
♦Arrington, Gilford 
♦Ashmore, Marshall 
♦Baker, James A. 

Baker, J. C. 



Social Circle 

Atlanta 

Henderson 

Oak Bower 

Elberton 

Athens 

Herndon 

Brunswick 

Waynesboro 

Allendale, S. C. 

Birmingham, Ala. 

Hamburg, S. C. 

Augusta 

Columbia County 

Atlanta 

Atlanta 



l8o HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 



Barco, Edward B. 
*Barnes, Henry F. 
*Barnes, Paul 
*Battie, Robert C 
^Battle, Julius 
*Beall, R F. 
*Beard, Thomas P. 
*Beauford, Samuel 

Belcher, E. 

Belcher, T. R. 

Bell, Berrien 

Bell, Florence 
*Bell Job 

Bell. Richard 
*Benjamin, Nathan 

Bentley, Edward 
*Benton, Simpson 
*Bettis, Alexander 

Bins, Robert 
*Blair, Alfred 
* Blair, Jacob 

Blalock, Charles 

Boatner, Daniel W. 
*Bohler, James 

Bohler, Matthew 
*Borders, James B. 

Borders, Samuel B. 
*Bouey, Harrison N. 
^Bradford, William C. 

Brandon, John S. 
*Brewster, Henry 

Bridle, Robert 
*Brightharp, Charles H. 

Brinkley, Julius C. 



Atlanta 

Conyers 

Augusta 

Augusta 

La Grange 

Augusta 

Augusta 

Eden Station 

Augusta 

Augusta 

Waynesboro 

McDuffie County 

McDuffie County 

Columbia County 

White Plains 

Aiken, S. C. 

Augusta 

Edgefield, S. C 

Washington 

Summerville 

Appling 

Jonesboro 

Augusta 

Herndon 

Herndon 

Camilla 

Camilla 

Augusta 

Montgomery, Ala. 

Atlanta 

Atlanta 

Atlanta 

Augusta 

Warrenton 



APPENDIX 



i8i 



^Broadnax, Samuel S. 

Brodie, John C. 

Brookins, James 
*Broome, L. M. 
*Brown, Anderson L. 
*Brown, Cyrus 
*Brown, George 

Brown, George F. 
'''Brown, George P. 

Brown, George W. 
*Brown, Isham 

Brown, James 

Brown, John H. 
*Brown, John S. 
*Brown, William M. 
*Bryant, John O. 

Bugg, James H. 

Burson, Francis B. 
'^Butler, Elijah 
*Butler, John C. 
*Byrd, Alfred L. 

Byrd, Henry M. 
*Byrd, Mark 

Callaway, Jesse R. 

Campfield, Mack C. 

Camron, Charles 
*Carter, Allison 
^Carter, Edward R. 

Carter, Jackson C 
*Casey, Arthur C. 
"^Casey, James 

Chatters, O. R. 

Clark, Augustus 
*Oark, Bristow 



Lithonia 

Aiken, S. C. 

Bartow 

La Grange 

Lexington 

Athens 

Lincoln 

Atlanta 

Albany 

Screven County 

Stellaville 

La Grange 

Haynesville 

Montezuma 

Atlanta 

Summerville 

Augusta 

Atlanta 

Warrenton 

Edgefield, S. C. 

Stellaville 

Berzelia 

Mechanicsville 

Penfield 

Augusta 

Thomaston 

Appling 

Atlanta 

Social Circle 

Atlanta 

Augusta 

Milledgeville 

Sumter, S. C. 

Hawkinsville 



1 82 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 



Clark, George 


Hawkinsville 


Clark, R. T. 


Americus 


Clark, Rufus 


Stellaville 


Clayton, John Howard 


Marietta 


*Clemmonts, William R. 


Atlanta 


Cobb, Francis L. 


Augusta 


Cobb, Frank E. 


Augusta 


Cobb, Warren H. 


Social Circle 


Coles, Lemon S. 


Atlanta 


Coles, Robert 


Augusta 


Coles, Sidney A. 


Atlanta 


Collier, Robert 


Augusta 


Collins, Sim 


Thomson 


♦Conyers, Joseph F. 


Atlanta 


Cooper, Alexander 


Augusta 


♦Cooper, Moses 


Alexander 


Copeney, Marion F. 


Augusta 


♦Cornelius, Arthur 


Pine Ridge 


♦Cornelius, Sandy 


Macon 


Cox, Lewis H. 


Atlanta 


♦Crawford, Israel 


Appling 


Crawford, James E. 


Atlanta 


♦Culpepper, Abner 


Warrenton 


Culpepper, Charles 


Warrenton 


Cumming, Joseph 


Augusta 


♦Cumming, Julius 


Augusta 


♦Curry, Hardy 


Atlanta 


♦Danford, Cogie 


Beech Island, S. C 


Daniel, Cornelius R. 


Acworth 


Daniel, Mount Z. 


Atlanta 


♦D'Antignac, Amos L. 


Stellaville 


♦Davenport, Arthur 


Lexington 


Davis, David 


Bartow 


♦Davis, Jerry 


Oconee 



APPENDIX 



183 



*Davis, Jessie 
*Davy, Henry 
*Delaney, M. E. 
*Douse, William 

Drake, Henry 

Drake, Roger B. 
*Drane, Lewis 

Drayton, Henry 

Dunbar, Anderson 

Dunbar, Edward 

Dye, William E. 

Early, James C. 

Early, John T. 
*Echols, P. 

Echols, S. 

Echols, W. B. 

Edwards, Marcus 

Ellington, Primus A. 
^Elliott, M. J. 

Emory, Joseph 
*Evans, Daniel 

Evans, Enoch 
^Farmer, Handy 
*Felder, Henry L. 
*Fisher, Elijah J. 
*Fisher, Miles 
*Ford, Nicholas 
^Foster, Elijah 

Foster, J. A. 
* Foster, Lewis 
*Fowler, John 
*Fox, Jerry 

'^Franklin, John Wesley 
*Frasier, C. W. 



Stellaville 

Columbia County 

Eatonton 

Augusta 

Norwood 

Norwood 

Augusta 

Beech Island, S. C. 

Millett, S, C 

Millett, S. C. 

Eureka Mills 

La Grange 

La Grange 

Lexington 

Lexington 

Lexington 

Augusta 

Crawfordville 

Chattanooga, Tenn. 

Augusta 

Crawfordville 

McBean 

Stellaville 

Perry 

La Grange 

La Grange 

Ridgeway, S. C. 

Augusta 

Augusta 

Augusta 

Warrenton 

Warrenton 

Stellaville 

Augusta 



184 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 



*Fuller, Handy 

Gadson, Thomas H. 
*Gardionhier, Edward 

Gardner, Aaron J. 

Gardner, Claxton T. 
^Gardner, John 

Gardner, Lawrence 

Garvin, Henry B. 

Gibbs, Aberdeen, Jr. 

Gibson, George 
*Gibson, James R. 

Gilbert, John Wesley 

Gonder, Othello T. 
*Goode, Hampton W. 

Goodwin, George A. 
*Graham, J. W. 

Grant, A. L. 
*Grant, Budd G. 
* Greene, Aaron, Jr. 
*Greene, Aaron, Sr. 

Greene, Jerry 
*Greene, Joseph S. 
*Greene, Julian C. 
^Grenade, Benjamin 

Grenade, Samuel 
*Grinage, George 
*Hall, Jerry M. 
*Hammond, John 
*Hampton, Wade 

Hanson, Edward 

Hardwick, Thomas 

Harper, John H. 

Harper, Thomas 
*Harris, Edward W. 



Barnett 

Appling 

Woodlawn, S. C. 

Bartow 

Augusta 

Hamburg, S. C. 

Augusta 

Waynesboro 

Augusta 

Aiken, S. C. 

Augusta 

Augusta 

Warrenton 

Millettville, S. C. 

Augusta 

Acworth 

West Point 

Augusta 

Augusta 

Augusta 

Augusta 

Conyers 

Augusta 

Thomson 

Thomson 

Double Branches 

Atlanta 

Edgefield, S. C 

Millettville, S. C. 

Lexington 

Appling 

Atlanta 

Augusta 

Marietta 



APPENDIX 



i8s 



Harris, Eli M. 
*Harris, J. Wesley 
^Harrison, Benjamin 

Hart, James 

Hart, Moses 

Harvey, James 

Hawkins, J. H. 

Haynes, Raymond 
*Haynes, Stephen 

Heard, Jefferson D. 
*Heard, Larkin 

Hill, David 
*Hill, E. S. 

Hill, George 
*Hill, J. W. 
*Hill, Samuel 
*Hines, Edward H. 
^Holland, W. J. 

Holliman, Frank 

Holliman, Orange 
*Holmes, Crawford G. 
*Holmes, Elias P, 
^Holmes, William E. 
^Holsey, H. L. 

Holyfield, Charles 

Howard, William 

Hudson, William R. 

Hull, Jesse 

Humphreys, Solomon 

Hunt, R. Z. 
^Hutchinson, David S. 
"^Ingram, Linton 
*Irvine, Alexander 
*Ivey, William 



Newnan 

Warrenton 

Appling 

Pope Hill 

Stellaville 

Centreville 

Thomson 

Glascock County 

Warrenton 

La Grange 

Atlanta 

Atlanta 

Atlanta 

Covington 

Augusta 

Beech Island, S. C. 

Atlanta 

Jenkinsville 

Thomson 

Hamburg, S. C. 

Madison 

Atlanta 

Augusta 

Augusta 

Alban, Ala. 

Atlanta 

Warrenton 

Conyers 

Atlanta 

Gumming 

Augusta 

Crawfordville 

Hephzibah 

Augusta 



1 86 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 



Jackson, Adams 


Newton 


*Jackson, Henry 


Augusta 


Jackson, R. B. 


Greensboro 


Jeflferson, John H. 


Augusta 


Jenkins, Philip, J. 


Augusta 


Jennings, Eugene 


Augusta 


Johnson, Ackert 


Augusta 


Johnson, Ambrose M. 


Appling 


*Johnson, Arthur A. 


Augusta 


*Johnson, A. S. 


Decatur 


Johnson, Augustus R. 


Augusta 


Johnson, Charles J. 


Augusta 


Johnson, Cornelius S. 


Augusta 


Johnson, Francis P. 


Augusta 


^Johnson, Gad S. 


Augusta 


Johnson, Gilford 


Hephzibah 


*Johnson, Green 


Raytown 


Johnson, Henry 


Augusta 


^Johnson, Silas 


Woodville 


*Johnson, Walker 


Augusta 


Johnson, W. D. 


Augusta 


*Johnson, W. G. 


Hephzibah 


*Jones, Austin P. 


Perry 


*Jones, Boston 


Johnston, S 


*Jones, C O. 


Atlanta 


Jones, Erasmus 


Augusta 


*Jones, Henry M. 


Elberton 


*Jones, Jerry M. 


Atlanta 


Jones, J. W. 


Madison 


*Jones, Prince 


McBean 


*Jones, Richard 


Allendale, f 


Jones, Willie S. 


Perry 


*Jones, Zacharias A. 


Columbus 


*Jowers, John H. 


Barnwell, S. 



s. c 



s. c 



APPENDIX 



187 



*Keebler, Isaac 

Keith, Robert 
*KeIler, Richard 

Kelsey, A. T. 
*Kelsey, Jacob S. 
*Kelsey, Robert 
*Kenner, Richard 
^Key, Eli 
*Killgo, Levi W. 

Kinsey, Columbus 

Kinsey, Ramsey 
*Lacy, Thomas 

Ladavese, John 
*Lanier, Joseph 
*Lark, Antony N. 

Lark, Nicholas H. 
*Lavvson, Andrew 

Lawson, Solomon 
*Lee, John H. 

Lee, Moses C 

Lewis, Andrew 

Lewis, Andrew T. 
*Lewis, Gideon L. 
*Lewi3, Thomas C. 
*Lindsay, Richard 

Lockart, A. O. 

Long, George W. 

Long, T. R. 
*Love, Emanuel K. 
*Love, Thornton V. 
*Lyons, Collins H. 

Lyons, Judson W. 

Mackey, Levi M. 
*Maddox, Alexander 



Augusta 

Augusta 

Opelika, Ala, 

Warrenton 

Millen 

Millen 

Woodland, S. C 

Edgefield, S. C 

Rome 

Warrenton 

Warrenton 

Augusta 

Augusta 

Macon 

Silverton, S. C. 

Silverton, S. C. 

Augusta 

Washington 

Warrenton 

Appling 

Washington 

Augusta 

Beech Island, S. C. 

Augusta 

Hamburg, S. C 

Jonesboro 

Stone Mountain 

Newnan 

Marion, Ala. 

Marion, Ala. 

Marion, Ala. 

Augusta 

Senoia 

Columbia, G. C. 



1 88 



HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 



*Maddox, Matthew J. 

Mapp, R. W. 
*Mapp, W. J. 
*Martin, George W., Jr. 
*Martin, George W., Sr. 

Martin, Hilliard 

Martin, Prince 

Martin, Seaborn C. 
*Matthew, Luke 

Matthews, Stokes 
*Maxwell, Anthony R. W. 
*Mims, John H. 
♦Mitchell, G. B. 

Mitchell, John J. 

Mitchell, Mall 

Moody, Jerry 

Moore, Alexander W. 

Moore, Nathan 

Moore, Nathaniel 
*Morgan, George A. 
*Morgan, Henry 

Morris, Ben 

Morris, Calvary 
*Morton, Simon 
*Moseley, Harvey 
*Murden, Aaron B. 
*Murden, Derry 

Murden, G. W. 

McAlvie, Lewis 

McCord, Milas 

McCrarey, Moses P. 

McCrarey, Wesley D. 

McCrary, J. H. 
*McHorton, Daniel 



Augusta 

White Plains 

White Plains 

Atlanta 

Atlanta 

Madison 

Greenville 

Augusta 

Augusta 

Atlanta 

Station 3, C. R. R. 

Augusta 

Augusta 

Americus 

Kieta 

Greensboro 

Eutaw, Ala. 

Mableton 

Smyrna 

Edgefield, S. C. 

Augusta 

Thomson 

Warrenton 

Columbia County 

Augusta 

Crawfordville 

Crawfordville 

Woodville 

Augusta 

Long Cane 

Barnett 

Barnett 

Buena Vista 

Butler Creek 



APPENDIX 



189 



Mcintosh, Seaborn 
^McNeal, Samuel A. 
Nelson, William 
Norris, Luke B. 
Nun, Alexander 
Oliver, Leonard 
Parker, R H. 

* Parker, James 
Parker, Jerry 
Parker, Mack 

*Parren, John H. 

Payne, Robert 
*Pearce, Frank 

Pearce, Miles C. 
*Penn, Alexander 

* Peterson, William 
*Phillips, John G. 
*Philpot, Adam 
*Pope, Mark 

Pope, Simpson 

Potts, Ural 

Powns, Keesen 

Poythress, General B. 

Ramey, Clark 
^Ramsey, Simeon W. 
*Ramsey, William S. 

Reynolds, Elisha 

Reynolds, Philip 
*Ric€, Luther 
*Richard, Dolphus 

Riley, Lee W. 
*Roach, Anthony 

Roberson, John 
*Roberts, Alexander 



Elberton 

Augusta 

Augusta 

Warrenton 

Gibson 

Oconee 

Augusta 

Hephzibah 

Summerville 

Atlanta 

Atlanta 

Augusta 

Augusta 

Effingham County 

Smyrna 

Edgefield, S. C. 

Aiken, S. C. 

Augusta 

Waynesboro 

Waynesboro 

Long Cane 

Thomson 

La Grange 

Snellville 

Lincoln County 

Augusta 

Conyers 

Milledgeville 

McDuffie 

Thomson 

Perry 

Augusta 

Covington 

Crawfordville 



190 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 



*Robinson, Alexander 
*Robinson, James 

Robinson, L. 
*Robinson, T. M. 
*Robinson, Tony 
^Rosier, Sheppard D. 
*Roundfield, James 
*Rouse, Daniel 
^Royals, J. H. 
*Russell, Jabez S, 
*Russell, John T. 
*Russell, Martin V. 
*Russell, Peter S. 

Sanders, Felix 
*Sanders, Sandy 
*Sapp, Fane C. 
*Savage, Robert 

* Saxon, George 

* Scott, Thomas 
*Simmons, F. M. 

Simmons, Henry L. 

Simmons, Scipio P. 
*Simpson, Crawford 
*Sims, T. H. 

Singletary, Turner 

Singleton, Constantine 

Smith, Alonzo 

Smith, A. P. 
*Smith, Ephraim F. 

Smith, Greene 

Smith, Hampton 

Smith, Jerry R. 

Smith, John W. 

Smith, Richard 



Millettville, S. C. 
Tallahassee, Fla. 

Atlanta 

Gum Creek 

Midville 

Augusta 

Ellington, S. C. 

Vienna 

Waynesboro 

Augusta 

Waynesboro 

Waynesboro 

Penfield 

Millettville, S. C 

Alexander 

Americus 

Blackville, S. C 

Toccoa 

Perry 

Augusta 

Florence, S. C. 

Americus 

Newnan 

Haynesville 

Augusta 

Atlanta 

Woodville 

Kiokee 

Barrett 

Waynesboro 

Appling 

Lexington 

Appling 



APPENDIX 



191 



* Smith, Warner 
*Smith, William F. 

Snellings. Randall S. 

Snowden, George B. 

Solomon, Sampson 
*StaIey, Alfred S. 
^Stanley, Green 

Starks, Cornelius 

Starks, J. A. 

* Stewart, Webster W. 
*Stinson, A. J. 
*Stinson, S. L. 

* Stout, Charles 
^Street, John 

Sullivan, William H. 
*Swanson, Alexander 
^Swilling, Andrew J. 
*Tanner, Charles C. 
*Tate, William 
*Thomas, Aaron 

Thomas, J. T. 

Thomas, Levi 

Thomas, Robert L. 
*Thomas, Walter 

Thornton, Jesse T. 
*Thornton, Levi 
*Tilman, William H., Jr. 
*Tinsley, James 
*Tolbert, J. T. 

Towns, Johnny 

Townsley, Jefferson D. 
*Truett, Alexander 
*Turman, James 
*Turner, Calvin 



Palmetto 

Waynesboro 

Augusta 

Washington 

Perry 

Woodville 

Lincoln County 

Edgefield, S. C. 

Crawfordville 

Rome 

Rome 

Madison 

Gum Creek 

Augusta 

Le Grange 

Hulmeville 

Stone Mountain 

Washington 

Columbia County 

Atlanta 

Perry 

Stellaville 

Atlanta 

Greensboro 

Augusta 

Montezuma 

Augusta 

Atlanta 

Warrenton 

Lawtonville, S. C. 

Elbert County 

Augusta 



192 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 



*Turner, Henry 

Turner, Spencer 
*Turner, Thomas 

Verden, James H. 

Walker, Charles H. 
*Walker, Charles T. 

Walker, George 

Walker, Jefferson D. 
*Walker, Jerrj' 
*Walker, Joseph A. 
*Walker, Nathan 
*Walker, Nelson 
*Walker, Peter 

Walker, Peter C 

Wallace, W. E. 

Walton, N. P. 
*Ware, Decatur 
"^Washington, George 
♦Washington, W. M. 
*Waterman, N. W. 
*Watson, Augustus W. 
*Watts, Henry 
*Way, Henry 
*Weaver, Wesley 

Welch, Adolphus 

Welch, Moses 
*Wells, Frank 

Wells, Jonas 
*Whaly, Elbert L. 
^^Whatley, H. 

Whitaker, George 
*White, Ephraim V. 

White, George D. 
*White, Henry M. 



Crawfordville 

Crawfordville 

Augusta 

Atlanta 

Bartow 

Hephzibah 

Warrenton 

Warrenton 

Lincoln County 

Augusta 

McBean 

Augusta 

Hephzibah 

Bartow 

EUaville 

Thomson 

Rome 

Newton 

Rome 

Thomasville 

Jefferson County 

Augusta 

Hawkinsville 

Mount Zion 

Midville 

Midville 

Flowery Branch 

Davisboro 

Thomasville 

White Plains 

West Poini 

Thomson 

Augusta 

Augusta 



APPENDIX 



193 



*White, William J. 

Whitmore, J. B. 
^Wiggins, Moses 
*Wilkins, Cyrus S. 

Williams, A. E. 

Williams, Charles 
*WilIiams, Frank D. 

Williams, Harry M. 
*Williams, Henry 
^Williams, Jefferson 
^Williams, Lewis 
^Williams, Robert S. 
^Williamson, Nash B. 
^Willis, Noble G. 

Wilson, John H. 

Wilson, S. 
*Wimbish, D. J. 
*Winston, Charles C. 

Woods, Jones 
^Wright, Alexander S. 
*Wright, Jackson 

Wright, James 

Wyley, George 

Yancey, William 
* Young, Alfred 
*Young, Charles A. 
*Young, Joseph T. 



Augusta 

Spartan 

Warrenton 

Louisville 

Warrenton 

Camilla 

Warrenton 

Washington 

Augusta 

Beech Island, S. C. 

Washington 

Stellaville 

Athens 

Augusta 

Atlanta 

Thomson 

Greenville 

Conyers 

Barrett 

Stellaville 

Macon 

Camak 

Hephzibah 

Stellaville 

Stellaville 

Stellaville 

Stellaville 



194 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 



8. List of Graduates Before 1884 

Prior to 1884 no students were regularly graduated. 

The college catalogue, however, certifies that the men 

named below completed the work of the Normal or the 

Theological Course, or both. An asterisk indicates De- 
ceased. 

Bouey, Harrison, N., Th. ; *1910. 

Bugg, James H., N. ; M.D. ; Physician, Lynchburg, Va. 

Holmes, William R, N. and Th. ; A.M., University of 
Chicago, 1884; D.D., Lincoln University, 1910. Presi- 
dent Central City College, Macon, Ga. (Box 233). 

Hudson, William R., N. ; Teacher, Warrenton, Ga. 

Johnson, Augustus R., N. ; A.M., 1902 ; *1908. 

Johnson, Charles J., N. ; *1912. 

Johnson, W. G., Th. ; *1914. 

Love, Emanuel K., N. and Th. ; *1900. 

Lyons, Collins H., N. and Th. ; *1894. 

Lyons, Judson W., N. ; A.M., 1900 ; LL.B., Howard Uni- 
versity, 1884; LL.D., Shaw University, 1890. Law- 
yer, Augusta, Ga. (739 Telfair St.) 

Maddox, Matthew J., N. ; Teacher, 199 Greensferry Ave., 
Atlanta, Ga. 

Mitchell, Gibb B., N. and Th. ; *1911. 

Morgan, Henry, Th., Pastor Friendship Baptist Church, 
Augusta, Ga. 

McCrarey, Moses P., N. Porter in Capitol, Atlanta. 

Ramsey, William S., N. and Th. ; *1891. 

Simmons, Francis M., N. and Th. ; *1913. 

Staley, Alfred S., N. ; A.M., 1911; D.D., Central City 
College, 1910; Principal McCoy Hill Public School, 
Americus, Ga. (527 Jefferson St.) 



APPENDIX 195 

Walker, Charles T., Th. ; D.D., 1902; LL.D., Virginia 
Seminary and College ; Pastor Tabernacle Baptist 
Church, Augusta, Ga. 

Walker, Joseph A, N. ; *1895. 

Walker, J. D, N. 

White, George D, N.; *1895. 

White, William J, Th. ; D.D., 1911 ; *1913. 

Williams, Anthony E., N. 

Williamson, Nash B., N.; *1907. 



196 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 



9. List of Graduates, 1884-1916 

The following is a list of all students who have 
graduated from any course at Morehouse College since 
1884, the few honorary degrees conferred being included 
in the list. The effort has been to supplement this state- 
ment with one of degrees received elsewhere and to 
give the present occupation and address of each man. 
In a few instances it has not been possible to do this. 
Where more than one address is given the first is the 
business address and the one in parenthesis the home 
address. Abbreviations : N., Normal (now Academic) ; 
Ac, Academic; Th., Theological; T. P. C, Teachers' 
Professional Course. Other abbreviations are those 
commonly used in colleges and universities. An asterisk 
indicates Deceased. 

Adams, James B., Ac, 1911; A.B., 1915. Student Uni- 
versity of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 
Adams, John O., Ac, 1913 ; College Course, Morehouse 

College. 
Alexander, William A., Ac, 1900; *1901. 
Allen, Alfred J., N., 1885; Th., 1887; D.D., 1915. Pastor, 

Cuthbert, Ga. (Box 43). 
Allen, Clarence Eugene, A.B., 1907; D.D.S., Howard 
University, 1911. Dentist, 1717 Bainbridge St., Phila- 
delphia, Penn. 
Allen, John H., Th., 1914. Pastor First Baptist Church 

and Principal Public School, Commerce, Ga. 
Anderson, Henry H., B. Th., 1907. Pastor, Newman, 

Ga. (14 Pinson St.) 
Anderson, John D., Ac, 1916. Cordele, Ga. 
Anderson, William A., B.D., 1907 ; *1914. 



APPENDIX 197 

Appling, Peter G., Ac, 1903 ; A.B., 1907. Principal Mace- 
donia High School, Jackson, Ga. 

Archibald, George K, B. Th., 1914. 

Armstrong, William E., B. Th., 1911. New York, N. Y. 

Armstrong, William M., Ac, 1899; *1900. 

Arnold, Alexander A., B. Th., 1906. Preaching and In- 
surance, Monroe, Ga. 

Arnold, Henry C., Ac, 1913. College Course, Morehouse 
College. 

Arnold, Oscar Alfred, Ac, 1910. Contractor, Atlanta. 
(183 E. Harris St.) 

Atkinson, Ben Hill, Ac, 1914. Student Meharry Dental 
College, Nashville, Tenn. 

Avent, Joseph D., A.B., 1907; A.B., University of Chi- 
cago, 1909. Assistant Professor of English, A. & 
M. College, Tallahassee, Fla. 

Avery, John H., N., 1888; *1888. 

Ballard, William H., Th., 1912. Business and Pastoring, 
Atlanta. (Butler St.) 

Barbour, J. Pius, Ac, 1915. College Course, Morehouse 
College. 

Barnes, Henry R, Th., 1898. Pastor Baptist Church, 
Madison, Ga. 

Beauford, Samuel, N., 1886; Th., 1889; *1905. 

Bennett, William M., B. Th., 1909. Pastor, Chicago, 111. 

Berrien, Thomas A., Ac, 1916. Student Lincoln Uni- 
versity, Penn. 

Birkstiner, Edward, Ac, 1912; A.B., 1916. Principal 
Public School, Barnesville, Ga. 

Bivins, William G., Th., 1907. Pastor St. John Baptist 
Church, Memphis, Tenn. 

Blackshear, Henry C, Th., 1914. Pastor, Abbeville, Ga. 



198 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

Bleach, Henry A., N., 1892; A.B, 1897; T. P. C, 1898; 
A.M., 1913. Principal Selden Institute, Brunswick, 
Ga. 

Bleach, Laurence B. Ac, 1899; Insurance, Atlanta. 

Boden, Isaiah H., B.D., 1909; *1909. 

Bohler, James A., N., 1886. 

Boothe, Harold O., Ac, 1914. Birmingham, Ala. 

Boykin, D. Cullen, Ac, 1915. College Course, More- 
house College. 

Brandon, John S., N., 1884 ; *1906. 

Brawley, Benjamin, Ac, 1898; A.B., 1901; A.B., Uni- 
versity of Chicago, 1906; A.M., Harvard University, 
1908. Dean and Professor of English, Morehouse 
College. 

Brightharp, Charles H., N. & Th., 1884 ; *1910. 

Broadnax, Samuel Scott, N., 188.5; Th., 1888; A.M., 
1903; D.D., Selma University, 1912. Pastor, Thomas- 
ville, Ga. 

Brock, George D., Ac, 1914. College Course, Morehouse 
College. 

Brooks, William L., Ac, 1902 ; *1904. 

Brown, Charles H., A.B., 1915. Teacher Jeruel Academy, 
Athens, Ga. 

Brown, James E., N., 1887; Th., 1890. Teacher, La 
Grange, Ga. (42 Fannin St.) 

Brown, James E., Ac, 1899; T. P. C, 1901; A.B., 1905; 
A.M., 1916. Teacher Americus Institute, Americus, 
Ga. (1532 N. Lee St.) 

Brown, John H., N., 1885 ; A.M., 1904. Principal Jeruel 
Academy, Athens, Ga. 

Brown, Lee B., Ac, 1906. Pastor Mt. Olivet Baptist 
Church, Rochester, N. Y. (133 Adams St.) 

Brown, Walker D., Ac, 1915. College Course, More- 
house College. 



APPENDIX 199 

Bryant, P. James, D.D., 1903. Pastor Wheat St. Bap- 
tist Church, Atlanta. 

Bryant, Sylvia C. J., B. Th., 1909. Principal Bryant 
Preparatory Day and Night School, Atlanta. 

Bryant, William M., Ac, 1902; A.B., 1906. Principal 
Public School, Moultrie, Ga, 

Burge, J. Allen, Ac, 1913. Teacher, Acworth, Ga. 

Burruss, George S., N., 1886; M.D. Physician, Augusta, 
Ga. 

Burruss, William S., Ac, 1914. College Course, More- 
house College. 

Burson, Richard H., Th., 1898. Watchman, Morehouse 
College. 

Burwell, Millard J., Ac, 1915. College Course, Fisk 
University, Nashville, Tenn. 

Cannon, Daniel W., Ac, 1898; D.D., Selma University, 
1914. Educational Secretary General Missionary Bap- 
tist Convention of Georgia, Atlanta. (40 Tatnall St.) 

Carmichael, Marshall W., Ac, 1910. Post-office, Chi- 
cago, 111. 

Carter, Edward R., Th, 1884 ; D.D., 1913. Pastor Friend- 
ship Baptist Church, Atlanta. (71 Tatnall St.) 

Carter, Raymond H., Ac, 1899; A.B., 1903; M.D., 
Leonard Medical School, 1907. Physician, 71 Tat- 
nall St., Atlanta. 

Cartwright, Wade C, Th., 1915. Pastor First Baptist 
Church, Americus, Ga. 

Chivers, Walter R., Ac, 1915. College Course, More- 
house College. 

Clark, Richard T., N., 1884; *1884. 

Clayton, Charles M., Ac, 1910; A.B., 1914. Teacher 
Bryant Preparatory Day and Night School, Atlanta. 

Cody, Edward R., Th., 1915. Pastor, Winston, Ga. (At- 
lanta.) 



200 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

Cohron, George E., A.B., 1915. Manager Gate City 
Laundry, Atlanta. 

Collier, William A., Ac, 1906. Business, Madison, Ga. 

Combs, Marion C, Ac, 1910. Insurance, Atlanta. 

Crawford, Doc D., N., 1889 ; D.D., 1910. Corresponding 
Secretary General Missionary Baptist Convention of 
Georgia, 204 Odd Fellows Auditorium, Atlanta. (20 
Chestnut St.) 

Crawford, Floyd G., Ac, 1895. Pastor First Baptist 
Church, Forsyth, Ga. 

Crittenden, Henry C, Ac, 1894. 

Curry, Garfield A., Ac, 1906; A.B., 1909; A.B., Univer- 
sity of Chicago, 1910; A.M., University of Chicago, 
1916. Teacher High School, Kansas City, Kan. 
(1060 Washington Boulevard). 

Curry, Hardy M., Th., 1887. Shoe repairer, Omaha, 
Neb. (1520 N. 26th St.) 

Curry, Thomas J., Ac, 1912; A.B., 1916. Student Uni- 
versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Penn. 

Curtright, Arthur C, A.B., 1909. Director Academic 
Department, Robert Hungerford N. & I. School, 
Eatonville, Fla. 

Dansby, Borden B., Ac, 1902; A.B., 1906. Professor of 
Mathematics, Jackson College, Jackson, Miss. 

Darden, Robert L., N., 1888. Pastor, Chicago, 111. 

Davenport, George, Ac, 1913. Chattanooga, Tenn., (914 
Douglas St.) 

Davenport, William J., Ac, 1908; A.B., 1912; Student 
University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

Davis, Jerry B., N., 1886; *1914. 

Davis, John W., Ac, 1907; A.B., 1911. Registrar, and 
Professor of Physics and Chemistry, Morehouse 
College. 



APPENDIX 20I 

Davis, Philip M., Ac, 1907 ; A.B., 1911. Principal Slater 
Public School, Birmingham, Ala. (605 Charles St.) 

Davis, W. Allen, Ac, 1911 ; A.B., 1914. Student Meharry 
Medical College, Nashville, Tenn. 

Davis, William, Th., 1916. Pastor Gillsville and South 
Atlanta. (South Atlanta). 

Dawes, James C, Th., 1893. 

Dean, Henry E., A.B., 1907. Principal Twin City Semi- 
nary, McRae, Ga. 

Dent, John H., N., 1893. Business, Atlanta, Ga. (1 Ash- 
by Grove). 

Dickerson, James D., Ac, 1904. Principal Public School, 
Vidalia, Ga. 

Dickson, Mathes D., Ac, 1914. College Course, More- 
house College. 

Diggs, Alexander C, B.D., 1913. Pastor and Business, 
Atlanta, Ga. (245 Fort St.) 

Dixon, James H., Ac, 1908; M.D., Meharry Medical 
College, 1912. Physician, Sparta, Ga. 

Dixon, Wellington G., Ac, 1916. College Course, More- 
house College. 

Dobbs, John W., Ac, 1901. Railway Mail Service, At- 
lanta, Ga. (400 Houston St.) 

Doomer, Pearl D., Ac, 1911. Porter Union Station, At- 
lanta, Ga. (265 Rhodes Ave.) 

Dorsey, Rufus, Th., 1912. Pastor, Atlanta, Ga. (29 
Reed St.) 

Dorsey, Thomas M., Th., 1894. Florist, Atlanta. 

Duncanson, Terence H., B.D., 1913. Missionary for 
Jamaica Baptist Society in Changuinola, Bocas del 
Toro, Panama. 

Dunlap, Calvin E., Ac, 1910. West Point, Miss. 



202 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

Dunn, Berthner B., Th., 1912. Pastor Hill's Chapel, 
Athens, Ga.. and at Winterville. (88 Jeptha St., At- 
lanta). 

Durrett, Jesse S., N., 1889; M.D. Physician, Padu- 
cah, Ky. 

Ellison, James H., B.D., 1913. Undertaker, Jersey City, 
N.J. 

Ely, Joseph A., A.B., 1913. Teacher Fort Worth I. & M. 
College, Fort Worth, Texas. 

Ely, Reginald J., Ac, 1913. Deerfield, Fla. 

Emanuel, Matthew L., Th., 1909. Teacher and Pastor, 
Cartersville, Ga. 

Engram, Hezekiah H., N., 1888. Teacher, Reynolds, Ga. 

Evans, John H., Th. 1913. Pastor Mt. Olive Baptist 
Church, Macon, Ga. 

Evans, Pheolian A., Ac, 1902; A.B., 1906. Principal 
Madison High School, Social Circle, Ga. 

Fanning, Thomas H., Th., 1916. Pastor Hiram and 
Dallas. (26 Thirkield St., South Atlanta). 

Fields, Simon P., Th., 1914. Pastor, Milledgeville, Ga. 

Fisher, Elijah J., Th., 1890; D.D., 1912; *1915. 

Fisher, James E., Ac, 1907. Mail carrier, 22nd St. Sta- 
tion, Chicago, 111. 

Flemister, Henry L., N. 188-5. Principal Burney St. High 
School, Madison, Ga. (Box 124). 

Floyd, William W., Th., 1898; *1915. 

Franklin, Buck C, Ac, 1902. Postmaster and Attorney- 
at-Law, Rentiesville, Okla. 

Franklin, Estus R., B. Th., 1907. Terry, Miss. 

Freeman, Abraham B., Th., 1912. Pastor at Austell, 
Redan, and Rockmart. (35 Trenholm St., Atlanta). 

Gadson, James H., Ac, 1894 ; B. Th., Richmond Theo- 
logical Seminary, 1899. Pastor Thankful Baptist 
Church, Rome, Ga. 



APPENDIX 203 

Gaffney, Jeremiah C, Th., 1916. 

Germany, James T., Ac, 1900; A.B., 1904; *1908. 

Glass, Manson M., Ac, 1914. Atlanta. 

Gleason, Leofrice A., Ac, 1916. Mobile, Ala. 

Glenn, Marcellus L., Th., 1916. Pastor Friendship Bap- 
tist Church, Toccoa, Ga., and Edgefield Baptist 
Church, Fayetteville, Ga. (Atlanta). 

Glover, George N,, Ac, 1901. 

Goodwin George A., N., 1884; *1914. 

Gordon, David A., N., 1892, Farmer and Teacher, San- 
dersville, Ga. 

Gordon, Jerry D., Th., 1894. Pastor, Los Angeles, Cal. 

Graves, Richard A., Th., 1904. Preaching and Insurance, 
Atlanta. (89 Howell St.) 

Green, James G., Ac, 1896; T. P. C. 1898; *1908. 

Griffin, William E., A.B., 1916. Meridian, Miss. 

Grinage, George W., N. & Th., 1884; *1904. 

Gullins, David G., N., 1889; Th., 1891. 160 Chestnut St., 
Atlanta. 

Hall, Jeremiah M., Th., 1904; *1904. 

Hancock, James T., Th., 1893. Insurance, Atlanta. (246 
Greensferry Ave.) 

Harris, Eli M., N., 1885. *. 

Harris, Ralph H., Ac, 1916. College Course, Morehouse 
College. 

Harris, William, Th., 1904. Mail Carrier, Atlanta. (201 
E. Harris St.) 

Harvey, William J., Jr., A.B., 1906; M.D., Howard Uni- 
versity, 1910. Physician, 2O91/2 E. First St., Okla- 
homa City, Okla. 

Hassler, John A., Ac, 1914. Teacher, Calhoun, Ga. 

Hawkins, Benjamin A., Th., 1908. Birmingham, Ala. 

Hayes, Alonzo D., Th., 1912. Sign painter, Atlanta. 

Hayes, Isaiah H., Ac, 1896; *1902. 



204 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

Haynes, Charles H., Ac, 1910; A.B., 1914. Student 
Rochester Theological Seminary, Rochester, N. Y. 

Haynes, James C, Ac, 1900. Insurance, 419 Fourth 
Ave., N., Nashville, Tenn. 

Haynes, William H., A.B., 1915; A.B., University of 
Chicago, 1916, Probation Officer for Juvenile Ne- 
gro Delinquents, Atlanta, and Professor of Eco- 
nomics and Sociology, Morehouse College. 

Henry, Emmett A., Ac, 1901. Shellman, Ga. 

Henson, Cornelius W., Th., 1904; *1904. 

Hill, George W., N., 1888; CI., 1892. Principal Walker 
Baptist Institute, Augusta. 

Hoffman, James P., Ac, 1910. Pullman Car Service, 
Kansas City, Mo. 

Hogan, Peter R, Th., 1901. Pastor and Business, 10 
Greensferry Ave., Atlanta. 

Holmes, Crawford G., Th., 1894. Pastor, Chattanooga, 
Tenn. 

Horton, Daniel R., B. Th., 1916. Missionary to W. 
Africa. 

Howard, John W., Th., 1916. Pastor First Baptist 
Church, Dalton, Ga. 

Hubert, Benjamin F., Ac, 1905; A.B., 1909; B.S., Massa- 
chusetts Agricultural College, 1912. Director of 
Agriculture, State College, Orangeburg, S. C. 

Hubert, Charles D., Ac, 1905; A.B., 1909; Graduate 
Rochester Theological Seminary, 1912. Professor of 
Greek and English Interpretation, Morehouse Col- 
lege. 

Hubert, Charles S., Th., 1901. Business, Atlanta. (283 
Fraser St.) 

Hubert, Floyd C, Ac, 1905. Teacher and Farmer, May- 
field, Ga. (R. F. D. 2). 



APPENDIX 205 

Hubert, James H., Ac, 1906 ; A.B., 1910. Executive Sec- 
retary Brooklyn Branch of National Urban League, 
102 Court St., Brooklyn, N. Y. 

Hubert, John W., A.B., 1897; A.B., University of Chi- 
cago,' 1903; A.M., 1904. Principal Cuyler Public 
School, Savannah, Ga. 

Hubert, Major, Ac, 1908; Graduate Hampton Institute, 
1911. Teacher Prentiss N. & I. Institute, Prentiss, 
Miss. 

Hubert, William H., Ac, 1913. College Course, More- 
house College. 

Hubert, Zachary T., Ac, 1897; A.B., 1901; B.S., Massa- 
chusetts Agricultural College, 1904; A.M., 1912. 
President Jackson College, Jackson, Miss. 

Hughes, Jerry R, Th., 1901. Pastor, Atlanta. (141 
Chestnut St.) 

Humbert, Samuel S., N., 1889. Farmer and Teacher, 
Montezuma, Ga. 

Hunt, Theodore B., A.B., 1912. Teacher, Memphis, Tenn. 

Hunter, Hayes H., A.B., 1905. Truck Gardening, Deer- 
field, Fla. 

Hurston, Joel C, Ac, 1916. College Course, Morehouse 
College. 

Hurt, John H., Ac, 1905. Maxeys, Ga. 

Inman, Paul L., Th., 1915. Business, College Park, Ga. 

Jackson, Arthur M., Ac, 1903; A.B., 1907. Teacher 
Latin and Civics, Lincoln High School, E. St. Louis, 
111. 

Jackson, Berry J., Ac, 1915. Pastor, Cedartown, Ga. 
(Atlanta). 

Jackson, Christopher E., Ac, 1916. College Course, 
Morehouse College. 

Jackson, James J., Th., 1915. Pastor Second Baptist 
Church, Toccoa, Ga. 



206 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

Jackson, John T., Th., 1916. Pastor E. Point and Bu- 
ford, Ga. (Newnan). 

Jackson, Mark L., Ac, 1915. College Course, More- 
house College. 

Jackson, Maynard H., A.B., 1914. Student University 
of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

James, Henry W., Ac, 1894; M.D. Physician, Jackson- 
ville, Fla. 

James, Willis R, Th., 1912. Pastor First Baptist Church. 
Marietta, Ga. 

Johnson, Ambrose M., N., 1887. Teacher, Cedartown, Ga. 

Johnson, Andrew W., Th., 1912 ; *1915. 

Johnson, Augustus R. (See list of graduates before 
1884). A.M., 1902; *1908. 

Johnson, Christopher C, Ac, 1915. College Course, 
Morehouse College. 

Johnson, Cornelius S., Ac, 1897. Principal Arkansas 
City High School, Arkansas City, Ark. (Box 94). 

Johnson, Edwin P., D.D., 1906; A.B., Atlanta Univer- 
sity, 1879. Pastor Reed St. Baptist Church, Atlanta. 

Johnson, John H., Th., 1913. Pastor W. Hunter St. 
Baptist Church, Atlanta. 

Johnson, Mordecai W., Ac, 1907 ; A.B., 1911 ; A.B., Uni- 
versity of Chicago, 1913; Graduate Rochester Theo- 
logical Seminary, 1916. International Secretary in 
Student Department, Y. M. C. A., Washington, D. 
C (1816 Twelfth St., N. W.) 

Johnson, William L., N., 1887 ; *1904. 

Jones, Alfred D., N., 1889 ; CI., 1892 ; M.D., Howard Uni- 
versity, 1900. Physician, Atlanta. 

Jones, C. Ellis, Ac, 1909; D.D.S., Meharry Dental Col- 
lege, 1914. Dentist, Columbia, Tenn. 

Jones, Charles O., Th., 1885; *1900. 



APPENDIX 207 

Jones, Edgar R., Ac, 1916. College Course, Morehouse 
College. 

Jones, Edward, N., 1891 ; *1901. 

Jones, James H., Ac, 1910; A.B., 1914. Teacher. 

Jones, jerry M., Th., 1885; *1888. 

Jones, J. Marshall, N., 1887; *1916. 

Jones, Jonas T., N., 1891; *1915. 

Jones, William C, Ac, 1914. College Course, More- 
house College. 

Jones, Willis L., Th., 1889; D.D.; *1913. 

Keller, Richard H., N., 1884; *1906. 

Kelley, Charles H., Ac, 1894; A.M., 1915. Principal 
Union St. Public School, La Grange, Ga. (22 Fan- 
nin St.) 

Kelsey, Andrew Z., N., 1893; T. P. C, 1894; A.B., 1902. 
Principal Cabin Creek High School, Griffin, Ga, 

Kelsey, Robert D., Ac, 1912; A.B., 1916. Principal Flor- 
ida Memorial Institute, Live Oak, Fla. 

Kemp, Aaron C, Ac, 1908; *1911. 

Kennedy, William L. C, Ac, 1915. College Course, 
Morehouse College. 

Kilpatrick, Judson L., Ac, 1908; A.B., 1912. Teacher 
State Normal School, Montgomery, Ala. 

King, Griffin D., N., 1889. District Manager Atlanta 
Mutual Insurance Association, 411 Cotton Ave., 
Macon, Ga. 

Klugh, David S., N., 1888; Th., 1890; A.M., Virginia 
Seminary and College, Lynchburg, Va., 1904; D.D., 
Eckstein-Norton University, 1905. Pastor Immanuel 
Baptist Church, New Haven, Conn. (205 Park St.) 

Knighton, Lurvorgia, Ac, 1908; *1911. 

Lane, Alvan H., Ac, 1915. College Course, Morehouse 
College. 



208 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

Lane, Frayser T., Ac, 1913 ; A.B., 1916. Student Y. M. 
C. A. College, Chicago, III. 

Laster, John T., Th., 1898; *1905. 

Latimer, Henry R., N., 1889. Principal Public School, 
Honea Path, S. C. (32 N. Lee St., Atlanta). 

Latson, Ernest W., A.B., 1912. Teacher English and 
Latin, Morehouse College. 

Lemon, Aaron, Ac, 1916. Locust Grove, Ga. 

Lewis, Henry, Th., 1914. Field Agent for National Bap- 
tist Union Review, 69 W. Pine St., Atlanta. 

Lewis, John D. Ac 1913. College Course, Morehouse 
College. 

Lockhart, Albert O., N., 1888. Physician, Lumpkin, Ga. 

Long, John W., N., 1881 ; *1907. 

Love, Philip E., N., 1892 ; M.D. Physician, Savannah, Ga. 

Lowe, Daniel L., Th., 1911. Pastor at Hampton, Douglas- 
ville, and College Park. (13 Holland St., Atlanta). 

Lumpkin, Milton M., Ac, 1905; *1906. 

Lyman, William, Ac, 1916. Portsmouth, Va. (2606 Elm 
Ave.) 

Lynch, Amos L., Ac, 1912; A.B., 1916. Student Uni- 
versity of Chicago, Chicago, 111. 

Lynch, Samuel E., Ac, 1897. Principal Public School 
and Farmer, Dallas, Ga. 

Lyons, Charles H. S., Ac, 1903; A.B., 1908. Teacher 
Jeruel Academy, and Business, Athens, Ga. (213 
Chase St.) 

Lyons, Judson W. (See list of graduates before 1884). 
A.M., 1900 ; LL.B., Howard University, 1884 ; LL.D., 
Shaw University, 1890. Lawyer, Augusta, Ga. (739 
Telfair St.) 

Machore, R. Garfield, Ac, 1914; *1916. 

Martin, Eli T., Ac, 1894 ; T. P. C, 1895. Pastor Bethesda 
Baptist Church, Chicago, 111. (3823 Wabash Ave.) 



APPENDIX 209 

Mason, John A., Ac, 1897 ; A.B., 1901 ; M.D., University 
of Michigan, 1905. Physician, Chattanooga, Tenn. 
(Cor. W. 10th and Early Sts.) 

Mattison, E. Rochelle, Ac, 1909; M.D., Meharry Medi- 
cal College, 1913. Physician, Camilla, Ga. 

Maxwell, Henry G., Ac, 1902; B.S., Kansas State Agri- 
cultural College, 1905. Indianapolis, Ind. (320 W. 
Michigan St.) 

Maxwell, William L„ Ac, 1894. 

Mells, John M., Ac, 1902; A.B., 1906. Pastor, Lake- 
land, Fla. 

Miller, Marion W., B. Th., 1907. Bilton, S. C. 

Mills, Clarence H., Ac, 1913. College Course, Dart- 
mouth College, Hanover, N. H. 

Mills, Daniel D., Th., 1901; *1915. 

Miner, Joshua R., B. Th., 1914. Pastor Second Baptist 
Church, Excelsior Springs, Mo. (426 W. Excel- 
sior St.) 

Mitchell, Aldus S., Ac, 1915. Birmingham, Ala. 

Mitchell, Hubert, Ac, 1916. Birmingham, Ala. 

Mitchell, John J., N., 1884; M.D., Howard University, 
1906. Physician, 708 17th Ave., Cordele, Ga. 

Moore, Garrie W., A.B., 1912. Superintendent Y. M. C. 
A. Boys' Clubs, 1816 12th St., N. W., Washington, 
D. C. 

Moore, John H., N., 1888; Th., 1890; D.D., 1909. Pastor 
at Griffin, Barnesville, Pomona, and McDonough. 
(Griffin, Ga.) 

Moore, Oscar J., Ac, 1913. College Course, Morehouse 
College. 

Moragne, William L., N., 1889. Teacher and Farmer, 
Honea Path, S. C 

Moreland, Newton W., B. Th., 1907. Pastor and Farmer, 
Grantville, Ga. (Hiram, Ga.) 



2IO HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

Morrison, Lenworth S., Th., 1914. S. S. Missionary 
work, Tampa, Fla. (1010 Highland Ave.) 

Morrison, Ulysses H., N. 1893. Pastor, Farmer, and 
Business, Arcadia, Ga. (R. F. D.. Box 54). 

Morton, M. Emmett, Ac, 1908. Student Medical School, 
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 

Murden, Aaron B., N., 1886; Th., 1889; D.D., 1909. Dis- 
trict Missionary, General Missionary Baptist Con- 
vention of Georgia. 883 Reese St., Athens, Ga. 

Murden, Douglas C., Ac, 1908; M.D., Meharry Medi- 
cal College, 1913. Physician, Los Angeles, Cal. 

Myers, John W., Ac, 1894. 

McAfee, Wylie, N., 1892; *1900. 

McAllister, C. Lopez, A.B., 1909. Student Divinity 
School, Morehouse College. 

McCIendon, Henry P., Ac, 1898. Pullman Service, New 
York, N. Y. 

McCord, Robert L., Th., 1916. Amity, Ga. 

McKinney, George P., A.B., 1915. Teacher Bartow 
Academy, Bartow, Fla. 

McKinney, Wade H., Ac, 1916. College Course, More- 
house College. 

McWhorter, Millard, Ac, 1905; M.D., Leonard Medical 
School, 1909. Physician, Newnan, Ga. 

Nabrit, James M., Ac, 1894 ; A.B., 1898 ; A.M., Virginia 
Theological Seminary and College, 1903; D.D., Cen- 
tral City College, 1912. Pastor Springfield Baptist 
Church and Instructor in Latin and Greek, Walker 
Baptist Institute, Augusta, Ga. (114 12th St.) 

Nance, George A., B. Th., 1911. Pastor Mt. Zion Bap- 
tist Church, Murfreesboro, Tenn. 

Nance, John E., Ac, 1915. College Course, Morehouse 
College. 

Neal, John B., N., 1887; *1904. 



APPENDIX 211 

Nelson, William R, Ac, 1916. College Course, More- 
house College. 

Norris, Luke B., N., 1885. Real Estate, Marietta, Ga. 
' (610 Lawrence St.) 

Nutt, Ambrose B., Ac, 1910; A.B., 1914. Student Har- 
vard Law School, Cambridge, Mass. 

Owen, Samuel A., A.B., 1911. President Florida Me- 
morial College. Live Oak, Fla. 

Parker, Ernest A., Ac, 1910. Dining Car Service, 801 
S. Wyoming St., Butte, Mont. 

Parker, Mack C, N., 1887. 

Patton, Luellen L., Ac, 1908; M.D., Meharry Medical 
College, 1912. Physician, 810 Whiteside St., Chat- 
tanooga, Tenn. 

Pearson, George W., Th., 1904; *1907. 

Peeples, Wilson W., Th., 1911. Estill, S. C. 

Peyton, James H., Ac, 1915. College Course, Morehouse 
College. 

Phillips, Newton T., Th., 1901. Birmingham, Ala. 

Pickett, Julius H., Ac, 1916. College Course, Morehouse 
College. 

Pinckney, Benjamin A., Ac, 1915. College Course, More- 
house College. 

Pinckney, Limus P., N., 1889; Th., 1891; D.D., 1913. 
Pastor Thankful Baptist Church, Augusta, Ga. 

Pinkston, German R., B. Th,, 1911. Pastor Sparta and 
White Plains. (Box 282, Sparta, Ga.) 

Potts, Daniel L., Ac, 1899 ; A.B., 1904. Los Angeles, Cal. 

Powell, Henry A., Ac, 1908; D.D.S., Meharry Dental 
College, 1912. Dentist, Little Rock, Ark. 

Prince, William D., A.B., 1909. Teacher Benedict Col- 
lege, Columbia, S. C. 

Pulliam, Edgar F., N., 1887 ; *1889. 



212 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

Pullins, William, Ac, 1908. Printer and Editor South- 
ern Standard, 419 Cotton Ave., Macon, Ga. (330 
Ward St.) 

Raiford, Andrew R., Ac, 1905; A.B., 1909. Principal 
Shiloh Academy, Washington, Ga. 

Rainwater, William E., N., 1893 ; D.D.S., Meharry Den- 
tal College, 1905. Dentist, Boley, Okla. 

Rainwater, William T., Ac, 1915. College Course, More- 
house College. 

Reaves, George L., Ac, 1914. 

Reddick, King D., A.B., 1911. Sunday School Field 
Worker for Colored People in Georgia, Amer- 
icus, Ga. 

Reddick, Major W., N., 1892; A.B., 1897; A.M., 1902. 
Principal Americus Institute, Americus, Ga. 

Reeves, Alfred R., Ac, 1894; A.B., 1898; A.M., 1914. 
Teacher Branch Normal College, Pine Bluff, Ark. 
(1315 Gaines St., Little Rock, Ark.) 

Reid, Robert S., Ac, 1913. College Course, Morehouse 
College. 

Rice, Jerry L., Ac, 1894. La Grange, Ga. 

Richardson, Charles H., Ac, 1894. Mission Work, Rome, 
Ga. (26 Gibbons St.) 

Riggs, William H., Ac, 1894. Teacher, Statesboro, Ga. 

Roberts, William T., N., 1893; T. P. C, 1894; *1905. 

Robinson, Arnold H., Th., 1893. Teacher and Pastor, 
Elko, S. C. 

Robinson, Claud H., B.Th., 1910. Pastor Zion Hill Bap- 
tist Church, Atlanta. 

Rogers, William G., A.B., 1916. Atlanta. 

Ross, Clarence S., A.B., 1916. Student University of 
Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. 

Ross, Solomon D., A.B., 1909. President Sardis Indus- 
trial College, Sardis, Miss. 

Rozier, Jesse, Ac, 1910. Insurance, Columbus, Ga. 

Rucker, Early T., Th., 1904. Insurance, Covington, Ga, 



APPENDIX 213 

Russell, Jabez S., N., 1885. Teacher, Gurdon, Ark. 
Russell, John T., N., 1885. Teacher, Wadley, Ga. (R. 

F. D. 1, Box 24). 
Russell, Joseph T., Ac, 1913. College Course, More- 
house College. 
Russell, Martin V., N., 1884; A.M., 1909. Principal 

Public School, Marianna, Ark. 
Russell, Peter S., N., 1884; *1895. 
Saine, Timothy, B.Th., 1912. Pastor First Baptist 

Church, La Grange, Ga. (11 Reeves St.) 
Sanders, Monsieur U., Ac, 1903. Pullman Service, 

Cleveland, Ohio. 
Savage, Andrew H., A.B., 1913. Dining Car Service, 

Chicago, 111. 
Saxon, James T., B. Th., 1907. Pastor Social Circle and 

Bishop. Milledgeville, Ga. 
Scisson, Samuel S., Th., 1904. Pastor, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
Scott, Sidney B., Ac, 1898; A.B., 1901; M.D., Meharry 

Medical College, 1908; A.M., University of Illinois, 

1910. Physician, Chicago, 111. 
Scott, Walter W., Ac, 1915. College Course, Morehouse 

College. 
Scriven, Joseph S., Th., 1912. Pastor, Franklin, Ga. 
Shaflfer, James W., B.D., 1913; A.B., Virginia Union 

University, 1907. Pastor Tenth St. Baptist Church, 

Columbus, Miss. (Box 58). 
Shank, Cody L., Ac, 1914. Insurance, Union Point, Ga. 
Shannon, James F., N., 1891; M.D. Physician, Kansas 

City, Mo. 
Sharp, Charles H., Th., 1910. Pastor Shiloh Baptist 

Church, Atlanta. (504 W. Mitchell St.) 
Shaw, John W., Th., 1916. Atlanta. 
Shepherd, James A., Th., 1911. Birmingham, Ala, 
Singleton, William L., Th., 1891 ; *1907. 



214 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

Smartt, Fred D. G., Ac, 1913. College Course, More- 
house College. 

Smith, Ephraim R, N., 1887; *1892. 

Smith, George W., Ac, 1898; M. D. Physician, Savan- 
nah, Ga. 

Smith, Henry Thomas, N., 1888; *1892. 

Smith, Isaac C, Ac, 1900; A.B., 1904. Principal Chat- 
tahoochee Institute, Fort Gaines, Ga. 

Smith, Tracy J., Ac, 1915. College Course, Morehouse 
College. 

Smith, J. Clifton, A.B., 1916. Leslie, Ga. 

Smith, Robert R., Th., 1894. Pastor Butler St. Baptist 
Church, Atlanta. (42iy2 W. Hunter St.) 

Smith/ Thomas H., Ac, 1904; A.B., 1908. Teacher Jeruel 
Academy, Athens, Ga. 

Snellings, Randall S., N., 1886. Pastor Hogansville and 
Odessadale, La Grange, Ga. (144 E. Depot St.) 

Staley, Alfred S. (See list of graduates before 1884). 
A.M., 1911; D.D., Central City College, 1910. Prin- 
cipal McCoy Hill Public School, Americus, Ga. (527 
Jefferson St.) 

Staley, F. Marcellus, A.B., 1912; B.S., Cornell Univer- 
sity, 1915. Teacher of Chemistry and Dairying, State 
College, Orangeburg, S. C. 

Starks, John J., Ac, 1894; A.B., 1898; D.D., Benedict 
College, 1912. President Morris College, Sumter, 
S. C. 

Stocks, Gilbert T., A.B., 1910. Teacher Western College, 
Macon, Mo. 

Strickland William F., Th., 1898. Pastor Mt. Zion Bap- 
tist Church, Corinth; Providence Baptist Church, 
near Newnan; Wehadkee Baptist Church, Abbotts- 
ford. (Hapeville, Ga.) 

Sweet, Richmond B., N., 1889 ; *1892. 



APPENDIX 215 

Swift, Flanders, Ac, 1902. Darien, Ga. 

Thomas, Dorsey H., Ac, 1916. Dublin, Ga. 

Thomas, Edgar G., Ac, 1902; A.B., 1906; B.D., 1907. 
Pastor Mt. Vernon First Baptist Church, Newnan, 
Ga. (7 Smith St.) 

Thomas, Isaiah W., Ac, 1896; T. P. C., 1898; A.B., 1902; 
*1911. 

Thomas, Lucius J., Th., 1913. Truckman at Post Office. 
Lawshe St., Atlanta. 

Thompson, Eugene J., Ac, 1905; B.D., 1908. Principal 
Northwestern High School, Monroe, Ga. (Box 177). 

Thompson, John W., Th., 1908. Principal Public School, 
West Point, Ga. (Box 15). 

Thompson, King G, B.Th., 1916. Barber, W. Fair St., 
Atlanta. 

Tittle, David, Ac, 1916. College Course, Morehouse 
College. 

Towns, James R, Ac, 1897. Teacher and Farmer, Rock- 
mart, Ga. 

Trenholm, Harper C, Ac, 1916. College Course, More- 
house College. 

Trimble, John A., Th., 1901 ; *1915. 

Tuggle, William H., Ac, 1909. 21 Dunlap St., Atlanta. 

Turner, Brister W., Ac, 1914. College Course, More- 
house College, 

Turner, Francis B., N., 1887 ; *1909. 

Turner, Robert M., Ac, 1907 ; A.B., 1911. District Man- 
ager National Benefit Association, Pittsburgh, Penn. 

Turner, Thomas J., N., 1887. Principal Public School, 
Dublin, Ga. 

Turner, Victor C, Ac, 1907; A.B., 1911. Student Uni- 
versity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 

Tyson, Isham S., A.B., 1906; M.D., Meharry College, 
1912. Physician, 308>^ Auburn Ave., Atlanta. 



2l6 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

Wade, John K, A.B., 1909. Teacher and Farmer, El- 
lerbe, N. C. 

Walker, Charles T. (See list of graduates before 1884). 
D.D., 1902; LL.D., Virginia Seminary and College. 
Pastor Tabernacle Baptist Church, Augusta, Ga, 

Walker, George W., N., 1893; *1897. 

Walker, Jonathan B., Ac, 1911 ; *1913. 

Walker, Robert W., Th., 1914. Pastor First Baptist 
Church, Dublin, Ga. 

Walker, Samuel C, B.D., 1906. Pastor Augusta, Waynes- 
boro, Vidalia. (Augusta, Ga.) 

Wallace, William E., N., 1888; *1888. 

Walton, Lewis P., N., 1891; M.D., Meharry Medical 
College, 1900. Physician, Atlanta. 

Wardlaw, Charles H., Ac, 1898; A.B., 1902. Professor 
of Manual Training and Botany, Morehouse Col- 
lege. 

Watts, William J., B.Th., 1911. Pastor, Augusta, Ga. 
(1560 Twiggs St.) 

Weaver, Jesse S., Ac, 1914. College Course, Morehouse 
College. 

Weaver, Paul H., Ac, 1900; A.B., Morris Bro^vn Uni- 
versity, 1904. Teacher, Temple, Ga. 

Webb, Henry, Th., 1912. Pastor, Lithonia, Ga. (R. F. 
D. 1). 

Webb, John F., Th., 1894. Pastor and Teacher, Elko, Ga. 

Webb, Robert, B.Th., 1912. Pastor, Atlanta. 

Weldon, Charles R., Th., 1912. Pastor Kingston and 
Silver Creek. (Edgewood, Ga.) 

Wheeler, Felton, Ac, 1899. Principal Avinger Industrial 
Training School, Avinger, Texas. (Box 126). 

Whitaker, Theodore F., Ac, 1895 ; *1900. 

White, Matthew W., Th., 1894. Agent Baptist Reforma- 
tory, Atlanta. (123% Henry St.) 



APPENDIX 217 

White, William J. (See list of graduates before 1884). 

D.D., 1911; *1913. 
Wilborn, Don W., Ac, 1905; M.D., Leonard Medical 

School, 1909. Physician, Anniston, Ala. 
Wilkins, Archibald L., Ac, 1895. Barber, Jacksonville, 

Fla. 
Wilkins, Cyrus S., N. & Th., 1884; D.D., 1901. Pastor 

Vienna, Ga. (Columbus). 
Wilkins, Samuel T., N., 1887. Farmer, Buffalo, Ala. 

(R. F. D. 1). 
Wilkinson, Charles W., B.D., 1913. Atlanta. 
Williams, Adam D., Th., 1898; D.D., 1914. Pastor Ebe- 

nezer Baptist Church, Atlanta, and Antioch Baptist 

Church, Lithonia. (383 Auburn Ave., Atlanta). 
Williams, Alfred C, Ac, 1908; A.B., 1912. Pastor Six- 
teenth St. Baptist Church, Birmingham, Ala. (1530 

Sixth Ave., N.) 
Williams, Edward N., B.Th., 1914. Principal Yellow 

River Institute, Lithonia, Ga. 
Williams, George, Ac, 1914. College Course, Morehouse 

College. 
Williams, Madgie H., Ac, 1908; D.D.S., Meharry Dental 

College, 1912. Dentist, Meridian, Miss. 
Williams, Timothy, Ac, 1894; A.B., 1898; *1900. 
Windom, Love L., Ac, 1909; D.D.S., Meharry Dental 

College, 1914. Atlanta. 
Winfield, William T., Ac, 1908; M.D., Meharry Medi- 
cal College, 1912. Brownsville, Tenn. 
Woodson, George W., Th., 1904. Pastor Covington, 

Conyers, Flippen. (14 Hubbard St., Atlanta). 
Woodson, Robert, Ac, 1911. Undertaker, Paris, Tenn. 
Young, James B., N., 1893; *1915. 
Young, John H., A.B., 1911. Machine Operator at 

Armour & Co., Chicago, 111. 



2l8 HISTORY OF MOREHOUSE COLLEGE 

Young, Silas, Ac, 1904. Principal Public School, Greens- 
boro, Ga. 

Zuber, Thomas L., A.B,, 1912. Principal Lebanon Acad- 
emy, Carrollton, Ala. 

Zuber, Walter A., Ac, 1913. College Course, Morehouse 
College. 






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